Process and materials for inducing pre-tilt in liquid crystals and liquid crystal displays
First Claim
1. A polyimide composition which is the reaction product of at least one diaryl ketone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, at least one hydrophobic diamine and at least one alicyclic tetracarboxylic anhydride, which comprises at least two structural elements of the formulas IV and V ##STR43## wherein Y is a divalent radical selected from the formulas II and III ##STR44## ##STR45## wherein Z is selected, independently, from the group consisting of --S--, --O--, --SO2 --, --CH2 --, --C(CF3)2 --, --C(O)--, --CH2 CH2 --, --NR-- and a covalent bond wherein R is a C1 -C4 hydrocarbon chain;
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
wherein R1 is independently selected from C4 -C20 perfluorinated alkyl chain, C4 -C20 partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and C10 -C20 hydrocarbon chain;
X1 is independently selected from X and II;
R2 is selected, independently, from H, C1 -C9 hydrocarbon chain and R1 ;
X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CL, F, Br, R3 and R3 O--, wherein R3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perflourinated alkyl chain, C1 -C3 partially flourinated alkyl chain and C1 -C8 hydrocarbon chain;
m is 1 or 0; and
P is a tetravalent organic radical derived from said alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing at least four carbon atoms, no more than one carbonyl group of the dianhydride being attached to any one carbon atom of the tetravalent radical.
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Abstract
A process for inducing pre-tilt in alignment of a liquid crystal medium comprising exposing at least one optical alignment layer, comprising anisotropically absorbing molecules and hydrophobic moieties, to polarized light; the polarized light having a wavelength within the absorption band of said anisotropically absorbing molecules; wherein the exposed anisotropically absorbing molecules induce alignment of the liquid crystal medium at an angle + and -θ with respect to the direction of the polarization of the incident light beam and along the surface of the optical alignment layer, and induce a pre-tilt at an angle Φ with respect to the surface of the optical alignment layer and applying a liquid crystal medium to said optical alignment layer, is described. The invention also is directed to liquid crystal display elements made by the process of the invention and to novel polyimide compositions that are useful as optical alignment layers in the invention.
67 Citations
24 Claims
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1. A polyimide composition which is the reaction product of at least one diaryl ketone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, at least one hydrophobic diamine and at least one alicyclic tetracarboxylic anhydride, which comprises at least two structural elements of the formulas IV and V ##STR43## wherein Y is a divalent radical selected from the formulas II and III ##STR44## ##STR45## wherein Z is selected, independently, from the group consisting of --S--, --O--, --SO2 --, --CH2 --, --C(CF3)2 --, --C(O)--, --CH2 CH2 --, --NR-- and a covalent bond wherein R is a C1 -C4 hydrocarbon chain;
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
wherein R1 is independently selected from C4 -C20 perfluorinated alkyl chain, C4 -C20 partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and C10 -C20 hydrocarbon chain;
X1 is independently selected from X and II;
R2 is selected, independently, from H, C1 -C9 hydrocarbon chain and R1 ;
X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CL, F, Br, R3 and R3 O--, wherein R3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perflourinated alkyl chain, C1 -C3 partially flourinated alkyl chain and C1 -C8 hydrocarbon chain;
m is 1 or 0; and
P is a tetravalent organic radical derived from said alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing at least four carbon atoms, no more than one carbonyl group of the dianhydride being attached to any one carbon atom of the tetravalent radical. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
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10. A polyimide composition which is the reaction product of at least one diaryl ketone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, at least one hydrophobic diamine and at least one diaminobenzophenone, which comprises at least two structural elements of the formulas IV and VII ##STR47## wherein Y is a divalent radical selected from the formulas II and III ##STR48## wherein Z is selected, independently, from the group consisting of --S--, --O--, --SO2 --, --CH2 --, --C(CF3)2 --, --C(O)--, --CH2 CH2 --, --NR-- and a covalent bond wherein R is a C1 -C4 hydrocarbon chain;
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
wherein R1 is independently selected from C4 -C20 perfluorinated alkyl chain, C4 -C20 partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and C10 -C20 hydrocarbon chain;
X1 is independently selected from X and H;
R2 is selected, independently, from H, C1 -C9 hydrocarbon chain, and R1 ;
X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CL, F, Br, R3 and R3 O--, wherein R3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perflourinated alkyl chain, C1 -C3 partially flourinated alkyl chain and C1 -C8 hydrocarbon chain; and
m is 1 or 0. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14)
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
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15. A polyimide composition, derived from a diamine component and a dianhydride component, for generating pre-tilt in alignment of a liquid crystal medium comprising a copolyimide derived from least one alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, at least one hydrophobic diamine and at least one diaminobenzophenone, which comprises at least two structural elements of the formulas V and VIII ##STR49## wherein Y is a divalent radical selected from the formulas II and III ##STR50## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of --S--, --O--, --SO2 --, --CH2 --, --C(CF3)2 --, --C(O)--, --CH2 CH2 --, --NR-- and a covalent bond wherein R is a C1 -C4 hydrocarbon chain;
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)R1 ;
wherein R1 is independently selected from C4 -C20 perfluorinated alkyl chain, C4 -C20 partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and C10 -C20 hydrocarbon chain;
X1 is independently selected from X and H;
R2 is selected, independently, from H, C1 -C9 hydrocarbon chain and R1 ;
X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CL, F, Br, R3 and R3 O--, wherein R3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perflourinated alkyl chain, C1 -C3 partially flourinated alkyl chain and C1 -C8 hydrocarbon chain; and
P is a tetravalent organic radical derived from said alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing at least four carbon atoms, no more than one carbonyl group of the dianhydride being attached to any one carbon atom of the tetravalent radical. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19)
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)R1 ;
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20. A polyimide composition which is the reaction product of at least one diaryl ketone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, at least one hydrophobic diamine and at least one diamine derived from a radical Y2, comprising at least one structural clement of the formulas IV and IVa ##STR51## wherein Y is a divalent radical selected from the formulas II and III ##STR52## wherein Z is selected, independently, from the group consisting of --S--, --O--, --SO2 --, --CH2 --, --C(CF3)2 --, --C(O)--, --CH2 CH2 --, --NR-- and a covalent bond wherein R is a C1 -C4 hydrocarbon chain;
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
wherein R1 is independently selected from C4 -C20 perfluorinated alkyl chain, C4 -C20 partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and C10 -C20 hydrocarbon chain;
X1 is independently selected from X and H;
R2 is selected, independently, from H, C1 -C9 hydrocarbon chain and R1 ;
X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, CL, F, Br, R3 and R3 O--, wherein R3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perflourinated alkyl chain, C1 -C3 partially flourinated alkyl chain and C1 -C8 hydrocarbon chain;
m is 1 or 0; and
Y2 is a divalent radical selected from the formulas IIa and IIIa ##STR53## wherein X3 is independently selected from C1 -C3 perfluorinated alkyl chain, partially fluorinated alkyl chain or --OCF3 ; and
X4 is independently selected from X3 and H. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24)
- X is independently selected from R1, --O--R1, --S--R1, --N(R2)--R1 ;
Specification