Embedded battery overtemperature protection and voltage regulator circuitry

• US 5,731,686 A
• Filed: 01/15/1997
• Issued: 03/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Malhi, Satwinder
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Law, Patrick B.
• Application Number:
  US08/783,687
• Time in Patent Office: 433 Days
• Field of Search: 320/2, 320/35, 320/36, 320/39, 320/40, 320/49
• US Class Current: 320/154
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00309 Overheat or overtemperature protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A method and apparatus is provided for miniaturizing battery overtemperature protection and voltage regulation circuits in which such protection and regulation circuits are formed in an integrated circuit (200, 600) and embedded in the casings of individual batteries. In one aspect of the invention, a MOSFET switch (Q1), a temperature sensitive diode (D1) and a control circuit (604) may be formed in an integrated circuit (600) and embedded in the casing of a battery. The MOSFET switch may be placed in the charging path of the battery to provide an open circuit when the battery temperature exceeds a predetermined value. In another aspect of the invention, the operation of the MOSFET switch (Q1) may be controlled by a control circuit (204) to provide a constant output voltage from the battery, thereby improving the operation of the portable system using the battery.

Claims

1. An embedded battery voltage regulator comprising:

a battery having a power terminal and a ground terminal;

a switch formed in the casing of said battery having a first current handling terminal connected to said power terminal of said battery, a second current handling terminal and a control terminal;

a thermally stable voltage reference circuit formed in the casing of said battery having a first reference voltage output terminal, a second reference output terminal, a ground terminal connected to the ground terminal of said battery and a power input terminal connected to said second current handling terminal of said switch;

a transistor formed in the casing of said battery having a first current handling terminal connected to said power terminal of said battery, a second power handling terminal connected to a regulated output terminal an a control terminal;

an output voltage measurement circuit formed in the casing of said battery connected between said regulated output terminal and said ground terminal of said battery, and having an output terminal which provides a signal proportional to a voltage level on said regulated output terminal;

a first comparator formed in the casing of said battery having a first input terminal connected to said first reference voltage output terminal and a second input terminal connected to said output terminal of said output voltage measurement circuit, and having an output terminal connected to said control terminal of said transistor;

a second comparator formed in the casing of said battery having a first input terminal connected to said second reference voltage output terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal connected to said control terminal of said switch; and

a thermally sensitive diode formed in the casing of said battery having an anode connected to said ground terminal of said battery and a cathode connected to said second input terminal of said comparator, said second comparator providing a signal to said switch to become open when said diode indicates an overtemperature condition.

2. An embedded battery voltage regulator as in claim 1 wherein said transistor is a field effect transistor.

3. An embedded battery voltage regulator as in claim 1 wherein said transistor, said thermally stable voltage source, said output voltage measurement circuit, said first comparator, said switch, said diode and said second comparator are formed on a single semiconductor substrate.

4. An embedded battery voltage regulator as in claim 1 wherein said switch is a field effect transistor.

5. An embedded battery voltage regulator as in claim 1 wherein said output voltage measurement circuit comprises a voltage divider.