Control circuit and method for maintaining high efficiency over broard current ranges in a switching regulator circuit

• US 5,731,694 A
• Filed: 02/13/1997
• Issued: 03/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/23/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Flatness, Randy G., Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US08/799,467
• Time in Patent Office: 404 Days
• Field of Search: 323/224, 323/283-287, 323/290
• US Class Current: 323/287
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A circuit and method for controlling a switching voltage regulator having (1) a switch including one or more switching transistors and (2) an output adapted to supply current at a regulated voltage to a load including an output capacitor. The circuit and method generates a control signal to turn said one or more switching transistors OFF under operating conditions when the voltage at the output is capable of being maintained substantially at the regulated voltage by the charge on the output capacitor. Such a circuit and method increases the efficiency of the regulator circuit particularly at low average current levels.

Claims

1. Control circuitry for controlling a switching voltage regulator supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, said regulator having switching circuitry adapted to receive an input voltage and including a switching transistor, a diode, an inductive element, and output circuitry, including an output capacitor, said control circuitry including:

an error amplifier having inputs coupled to a reference and to said output circuitry;

a current comparator circuit having inputs coupled to an output of said error amplifier and to an inductive element current feedback signal;

a bias source coupled to an input of said current comparator circuit, said bias source setting a minimum feedback current threshold for said current comparator circuit, said minimum feedback current threshold determining a minimum current level required in said inductive element during each on cycle of said switching transistor to trip said current comparator;

a hysteretic comparator having a first input coupled to a reference, a second input coupled to said output circuitry and an output, said output changing from a first state to a second state when the first and second inputs compare in a predetermined manner; and

a logic circuit coupled between said hysteretic comparator and said switching transistor which prevents said switching transistor from turning on when said output of said hysteretic comparator is in said second state.

2. The control circuitry of claim 1 wherein a voltage offset is introduced between an input of said error amplifier and an input of said hysteretic comparator, said voltage offset inhibiting a change in output state of said hysteretic comparator at high load current levels.

3. The control circuitry of claim 1, wherein said current comparator is coupled to a one-shot circuit, an output of which is coupled to said logic circuit.

4. The control circuitry of claim 1, wherein an amplifier circuit is coupled between said output circuitry and an input to said error amplifier to provide positive feedback in a switching voltage regulator circuit wherein the input voltage has an opposite polarity from the voltage at the load.

5. A method for controlling a switching voltage regulator supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, said regulator having switching circuitry adapted to receive an input voltage and including a switching transistor, a diode, an inductive element, and output circuitry, including an output capacitor, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the current through the inductive element to generate a first feedback signal;

(b) monitoring an output voltage of the regulator to generate a second feedback signal;

(c) generating a minimum current threshold;

(d) generating a current threshold responsive to the second feedback signal, the current threshold being maintained at or above the minimum current threshold;

(e) generating a first control signal to turn the transistor on and off responsive to magnitudes of the first feedback signal and the current threshold; and

(f) generating a second control signal responsive to the second feedback signal exceeding a voltage threshold, the second control signal gating the first control signal to prevent the transistor from turning on regardless of the first control signal, so that the transistor is held off, and the output current is supplied by the output capacitor.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the current threshold generated by step (d) is the greater of the minimum current threshold, and a current which is substantially proportional to the difference in voltage between the second feedback signal and a constant voltage.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first control signal turns the transistor off for a predetermined time period.