High efficiency switching regulator with adaptive drive output circuit

• US 5,731,731 A
• Filed: 01/21/1997
• Issued: 03/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Dobkin, Robert C., Nelson, Carl T., Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): CUNNINGHAM, TERRY D
• Application Number:
  US08/786,500
• Time in Patent Office: 427 Days
• Field of Search: 327/170, 327/380, 327/381, 327/389, 327/391, 327/403, 327/404, 327/405, 327/538, 327/540, 327/541, 327/543, 326/87, 323/313, 323/315, 323/316
• US Class Current: 327/403
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Switching regulator circuits and methods are provided in which the output circuit is adaptable to maintain high efficiency over various load current levels. The regulator circuits generate one or more control signals in response to the load current and selectively route a switch driver control signal to one or more switches in the output circuit. The switches differ in their size, such that the most efficient switch can be used at a particular load current level. At low load current levels, the driver control signal is routed to output circuitry with smaller switch devices, which incur smaller driver current losses for a given frequency of operation, thereby increasing the regulator efficiency. At high load current levels, the driver control signal is routed to large switch devices, which incur greater driver current losses for a given frequency of operation, but which have a lower impedance. The regulator thus maintains high efficiency over a wide range of load currents while operating at a constant frequency.

Claims

1. A switching voltage regulator circuit having an input terminal for connection to a source of input supply voltage and an output terminal for supplying a regulated output voltage to a load, said regulator circuit comprising:

an output circuit coupled between said input terminal and said output terminal for providing a load current at said regulated voltage to said load, said output circuit comprising;

an adaptive switch circuit for coupling current from a first node coupled to said input terminal to a second node, said adaptive switch circuit including;

a first switch circuit coupled between said first and second nodes, and

a second switch circuit coupled between said first and second nodes;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit for providing a control signal to said output circuit, said control signal being based, at least in part, on said regulated voltage at said output terminal;

an out control circuit coupled to said control circuit for providing an output control circuit signal based, at least in part on said load current; and

a control routing circuit coupled to said adaptive switch circuit and to said output control circuit for routing said control signal from said control circuit to at least one of said first and second switch circuits and being responsive to said output control circuit signal, whereby said switching regulator circuit maintains high efficiency even at low magnitudes of said load current.

2. The switching regulator circuit of claim 1 wherein said control routing circuit routes said control signal to at least one of said first and second switch circuits in response to the magnitude of said load current as determined by said output control circuit.

4. The switching regulator circuit of claim 2 herein said control signal is provided for turning ON and OFF one of said first and second switch circuits while maintaining the other switch circuit in an OFF state.

3. The switching regulator circuit of claim wherein each of said first and second switch circuits includes a switching transistor, and wherein said switching transistor in said first switch circuit is substantially larger than said switching transistor in said second switch circuit.

5. The switching regulator circuit of claim 3 wherein said control routing circuit routes said control signal to one of said first and second switch circuits in response to the magnitude of said load current determined by said output control circuit.

6. A switching voltage regulator circuit for supplying a regulated output voltage to a load, said regulator circuit comprising:

an input node for connection to a source of input supply voltage;

an output node for connection to said load;

an adaptable output circuit for providing a load current to said load, said output circuit including a plurality of switch circuits, each switch circuit including a first switching element, each of said plurality of switch circuits being coupled to receive said input voltage, and each of said plurality of switch circuits being coupled to said output node;

a control circuit coupled to said output node for providing a control signal that is responsive to the magnitude of said regulated output voltage;

an output control circuit coupled to said control circuit for providing an output control circuit signal that is responsive to the magnitude of said load current; and

a control routing circuit coupled to said control circuit, to said output control circuit and to each of said plurality of switch circuits, said control routing circuit routing said control signal to an operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits in response to said output control circuit signal, each of said switch circuits in said operative set being turned ON and OFF in response to said control signal and each of said switch circuits not in said operative set being turned OFF.

7. The switching regulator circuit of claim 6 wherein each of said plurality of switch circuits further includes a second switching element and an inductor, said second switching element and said inductor being coupled to said first switching element.

8. The switching regulator circuit of claim 7 wherein said first and second switching elements of each of said plurality of switch circuits are coupled in series between said input voltage and ground, such that said regulator circuit is in a step-down configuration.

9. A switching voltage regulator circuit comprising:

a plurality of switch circuits, each of which includes first and second switching elements;

an output circuit including an output terminal for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the output circuit being coupled to each of said plurality of switch circuits;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit and to said output terminal for generating a control signal, said control signal being based at least in part on said regulated voltage supplied at said output terminal;

an output control circuit coupled to said output terminal for generating an output control circuit signal said output control circuit signal being based at least in part on said current supplied at said output terminal; and

a control routing circuit coupled to said control circuit, said output control circuit and to each of said plurality of switch circuits, said control routing circuit responsive to said output control circuit signal, said control routing circuit routing said control signal to an operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits and causing the 0N times of said first and second switching elements in said selected operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits to vary in response to said control signal, said control routing circuit causing said first and second switching elements not in said selected operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits to be maintained OFF.

10. The switching regulator of claim 9 wherein said control routing circuit routes said control signal to said operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits in response to said current supplied to said load by said regulator as determined by said output control circuit.

11. The switching regulator circuit of claim 10 wherein said plurality of switch circuits includes a first switch circuit and of second switch circuit, said first switch circuit of said plurality of switch circuits includes first and second switching elements, and said second switch circuit of said plurality of switch circuits includes first and second switching elements, said first switching element in said first switch circuit being substantially larger than said first switching element in said second switch circuit, said control routing circuit providing at least first and second drive signals, said first drive signal controlling said first switching element in said first switch circuit and said second drive signal controlling said first switching element in said second switch circuit.

12. The switching regulator circuit of claim 11 wherein said control routing circuit routes said control signal to said output circuit in response to said current supplied to said load by said regulator as determined by said output control circuit such that said regulator operates in one of first and second states, said first state existing when said operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits consists of said first switch circuit, and said second state existing when said operative set of at least one of said plurality of switch circuits consists of said second switch circuit.

13. The switching regulator circuit of claim 12 wherein said control circuit includes a differential amplifier for providing a first feedback signal, said first feedback signal being proportional to a difference between a voltage at said output terminal and a voltage reference, said control routing circuit causing said regulator to operate in a selected one of said first and second states in response to said first feedback signal.

14. The switching regulator circuit of claim 12 wherein said output circuit further comprises a sense resistor coupled to said output terminal, wherein said sense resistor generates a sense voltage indicative of said current being supplied to said output terminal, and said control routing circuit causing said regulator to operate in a selected one of said first and second sates in response to said sense voltage.

15. The switching regulator circuit of claim 14 wherein, in response to said current supplied to said load by said regulator as determined by said output control circuit, said control routing circuit causes said regulator to operate in said first state if said sense voltage exceeds a first threshold, and said control routing circuit causes said regulator to operate in said second state if said sense voltage falls below a second threshold.

16. The switching regulator circuit of claim 15 wherein said switch control signal is of a constant frequency.

17. The switching regulator circuit of claim 16 wherein said switch control signal is pulse-width modulated.

18. The switching regulator circuit of claim 17 wherein said switch control signal is turned OFF when said sense voltage exceeds said first feedback signal.

19. A method for operating a switching voltage regulator, said regulator including (1) a plurality of switch circuits, each switch circuit including first and second switching elements;

and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, said output circuit being coupled to each of said plurality of switch circuits, said method comprising the steps of;

monitoring a first signal from said output circuit;

generating a control signal in response to said monitored first signal;

monitoring a second signal from said output circuit;

generating a switch signal in response to said monitored second signal;

selecting one of said plurality of switch circuits in response to said switch signal; and

varying the ON-time of at least one of said first and second switching elements in said one of said plurality of switch circuits in response to said control signal to maintain said output terminal at said regulated voltage.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said step of generating said switch signal is in response to said current provided to said load.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said plurality of switch circuits consists of first and second switching circuits, each of said first and second switching circuits comprising first and second switching elements, said first switching element in said first switching circuit being substantially larger than said first switching element in said second switching circuit, and said step of selecting includes selecting said first switching circuit if the magnitude of said current provided to said load exceeds a threshold amount.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said step of generating a control signal includes the steps of:

comparing said monitored first signal to a threshold voltage; and

generating a control signal in response to said comparison of said monitored first signal and said threshold voltage.