External component programming for crystal oscillator temperature compensation

• US 5,731,742 A
• Filed: 12/17/1996
• Issued: 03/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: CTS Corporation
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Collins, Timothy, Bushman, Michael, Wojewoda, Carl
• Primary Examiner(s): MIS, DAVID C
• Application Number:
  US08/767,745
• Time in Patent Office: 462 Days
• Field of Search: 331/44, 331/66, 331/116 R, 331/116 FE, 331/158, 331/176, 331/177 V, 310/315, 310/318, 455/264, 1/318
• US Class Current: 331/44
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/023 by using voltage variable capacitance diodes
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/028 of generators comprising piezoelectric resonators H03L1/021, H03L1/022 take precedence; oscillation generators with a piezoelectric resonator H03B5/32

Abstract

A temperature compensation circuit (10) for a crystal oscillator programmed by a single component (12), such as a resistor. The component (12) provides a voltage to an A/D converter (26). The digital signals (28) from the A/D converter (26) are divided and directed to separate signal generators (44,46,48,50,56) which control different aspects of the temperature compensation circuit (10). These aspects include a hot, cold, linear, balance and warp adjustment. The temperature compensation circuit (10) drives a varactor (18) which reactively loads a crystal oscillator (14) to compensate frequency over temperature. By using a single component (12) to program the circuit (10), an EEPROM is no longer needed which saves IC space and reduces IC processing steps, and the use of multiple external components to perform a compensation is avoided which further saves physical space.

Claims

1. A temperature compensated crystal oscillator circuit, comprising:

a temperature compensation circuit, a crystal oscillator, a voltage variable reactance, an A/D converter, and an external discrete component, the component being coupled in one of a voltage divider and a current driver stage, the voltage variable reactance being coupled to the crystal oscillator and the temperature compensation circuit;

the discrete component being selected to generate a predetermined voltage, the voltage being coupled to the A/D converter which produces a set of digital signals, the digital signals correlating to the predetermined voltage and being coupled to the temperature compensation circuit such that a desired temperature compensation signal is produced; and

the compensation signal driving the voltage variable reactance which reactively loads the crystal oscillator such that an output frequency from the crystal oscillator remains substantially constant over a desired range of temperatures.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the external discrete component is selected from one of the group consisting of a resistor having a low temperature coefficient of resistance and a thermistor having a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance.

3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the variable voltage reactance is a varactor.

4. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a summer and a warp signal generator, and wherein the warp signal generator is provided with a set of digital warp signals from the A/D converter and provides an analog warp signal, the analog warp signal and the temperature compensation signal being coupled to the voltage variable reactance through the summer, the digital warp signals being predetermined to drive the voltage variable reactance to reactively load the crystal oscillator to produce a desired nominal output frequency.

5. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second discrete component being coupled in one of a second voltage divider and a second current driver stage, a second A/D converter, a warp switching bank, and a plurality of voltage variable reactances, and wherein a predetermined second voltage is generated at the second component, the second voltage being coupled to the second A/D converter, the second A/D converter producing a digital switching signal correlating to the second voltage, the digital switching signal being coupled to the warp switching bank such that the voltage variable reactances are switched into the circuit in response to the second voltage to provide a reactance suitable to load the crystal oscillator to produce a desired nominal output frequency.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the second discrete component is a resistor having a low temperature coefficient of resistance.

7. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the plurality of variable voltage reactances are geometrically-valued varactors.

8. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the temperature compensation circuit includes a temperature compensation voltage generator, a temperature sensor and at least one signal generator controlled by the set of digital signals, the temperature sensor generating an ambient temperature signal which is applied to the voltage generator, the at least one signal generator applying a signal to the voltage generator to produce a predetermined temperature compensation function.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the signal generators include a hot, cold, linear and balance signal generator, and the voltage generator includes a hot, cold and linear programmable differential amplifier, the temperature signal is applied to a first input of each of the differential amplifiers such that a temperature dependent input voltage level is established, a current through a second input of each of the differential amplifier is controlled by an analog signal from each of the respective hot, cold, and linear signal generators such that the inputs provide a temperature dependent differential voltage, a summed output of the differential amplifiers producing a temperature compensation signal from the voltage generator, a balance signal from the balance signal generator being applied to the voltage generator to translate an inflection temperature of the temperature compensation signal.

10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the at least one signal generator is selected from one of the group of a D/A converter, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank.

11. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the temperature compensation circuit includes a first and second differential amplifier with a corresponding first and second current source and a temperature sensor generating an ambient temperature signal which is applied to the differential amplifiers, the differential amplifiers and current sources responsive to the applied digital signals so as to produce a predetermined temperature compensation function.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the current sources are programmable and the first differential amplifier includes a plurality of transistors of varying channel widths switchably connected in parallel, the temperature signal is applied to a first input of each of the differential amplifiers such that a temperature dependent input voltage level is established, a reference voltage is applied to a second input of each of the differential amplifiers, the respective first and second current sources being programmed to provide a predetermined transconductance in the corresponding first and second differential amplifiers, the transistors being switchably connected to provide an effective channel width such that a predetermined saturation voltage of the transistors is selectable independently of the transconductance of the transistors, a summed output of the differential amplifiers producing a temperature compensation signal.

13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the warp signal generator and reference voltage are selected from one of the group of a D/A converter, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank, a variable current fixed resistor, and a variable resistance fixed current source.

14. A temperature compensated crystal oscillator circuit, comprising:

a temperature compensation circuit, a crystal oscillator, a varactor, an A/D signal generator, and a resistor having a low temperature coefficient of resistance, the resistor being coupled in a current driver stage, the varactor being coupled to the crystal oscillator and the temperature compensation circuit;

the resistor being selected to generate a predetermined voltage, the voltage being coupled to the A/D signal generator which produces a set of digital signals, the digital signals correlating to the predetermined voltage and being coupled to the temperature compensation circuit such that a desired temperature compensation signal is produced; and

the compensation signal driving the varactor which reactively loads the crystal oscillator such that an output frequency from the crystal oscillator remains substantially constant over a desired range of temperatures.

15. The circuit of claim 14, further comprising a summer and a warp signal generator, and wherein the warp signal generator is provided with a set of digital warp signals from the A/D signal generator and provides an analog warp signal, the analog warp signal and the temperature compensation signal being coupled to the voltage variable reactance through the summer, the digital warp signals being predetermined to drive the voltage variable reactance to reactively load the crystal oscillator to produce a desired nominal output frequency.

16. The circuit of claim 14, further comprising a second resistor having a low temperature coefficient of resistance and being coupled in a second current driver stage, a second A/D converter, and a bank of geometrically-valued varactors switchably coupled to the crystal oscillator by a warp switching bank, and wherein a predetermined second voltage is generated at the second resistor, the second voltage being coupled to the second A/D converter, the second A/D converter producing a digital switching signal correlating to the second voltage, the digital switching signal being coupled to the warp switching bank such that the varactors are switched into the circuit in response to the second voltage to provide a reactance suitable to load the crystal oscillator to produce a desired nominal output frequency.

17. The circuit of claim 14, wherein the temperature compensation circuit includes a temperature sensor, a temperature compensation voltage generator including a hot, cold and linear programmable differential amplifier, and a hot, cold, linear and balance signal generator, the temperature signal is applied to a first input of each of the differential amplifiers such that a temperature dependent input voltage level is established, a current through a second input of each of the differential amplifier is controlled by an analog signal from each of the respective hot, cold, and linear signal generators such that the inputs provide a temperature dependent differential voltage, a summed output of the differential amplifiers producing a temperature compensation signal from the voltage generator, a balance signal from the balance signal generator being applied to the voltage generator to translate an inflection temperature of the temperature compensation signal.

18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein the signal generators are selected from one of the group of a D/A converter, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled via a multiplexer controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled via a multiplexer controlled by the set of digital signals, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a multiplexer controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a multiplexer controlled by the set of digital signals, a variable current fixed resistor, and a variable resistance fixed current source.

19. The circuit of claim 14, wherein the temperature compensation circuit includes a first and second differential amplifier with a corresponding first and second current source and a temperature sensor generating an ambient temperature signal which is applied to the differential amplifiers, the differential amplifiers and current sources responsive to the applied digital signals so as to produce a predetermined temperature compensation signal.

20. The circuit of claim 19, wherein the current sources are programmable and the first differential amplifier includes a plurality of transistors of varying channel widths switchably connected in parallel, the temperature signal is applied to a first input of each of the differential amplifiers such that a temperature dependent input voltage level is established, a reference voltage is applied to a second input of each of the differential amplifiers, the respective first and second current sources being programmed to provide a predetermined transconductance in the corresponding first and second differential amplifiers, the transistors being switchably connected to provide an effective channel width such that a predetermined saturation voltage of the transistors is selectable independently of the transconductance of the transistors, a summed output of the differential amplifiers producing the predetermined temperature compensation signal.

21. The circuit of claim 20, wherein the warp signal generator and the reference voltage are selected from one of the group of a D/A converter, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled via a switching bank, a set of parallel resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank controlled by the set of digital signals, a string of series resistances switchably coupled through a voltage follower via a switching bank, a variable current fixed resistor, and a variable resistance fixed current source.

22. A communication device, comprising:

a receiver circuit;

a local oscillator circuit for generating local oscillator signals including a reference oscillator comprising;

a temperature compensation circuit, a crystal oscillator, a voltage variable reactance, an A/D converter, and an external discrete component, the component being coupled in one of a voltage divider and a current driver stage, the voltage variable reactance being coupled to the crystal oscillator and the temperature compensation circuit;

a predetermined voltage generated at the component, the voltage being coupled to the A/D converter which produces a set of digital signals, the digital signals correlating to the predetermined voltage and being coupled to the temperature compensation circuit such that a desired temperature compensation signal is produced; and

the compensation signal driving the voltage variable reactance which reactively loads the crystal oscillator such that an output frequency from the crystal oscillator remains substantially constant over a desired range of temperatures.