Nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability

• US 5,734,816 A
• Filed: 03/10/1994
• Issued: 03/31/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Toyooka, Takashi, Niijima, Hideto
• Primary Examiner(s): Beausoliel, Jr., Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Palys, Joseph E.
• Application Number:
  US08/212,469
• Time in Patent Office: 1,482 Days
• Field of Search: 395/182.06, 395/182.03, 395/182.04, 395/428, 395/430, 395/489, 371/21.6, 365/218, 365/230.01, 365/185.29, 365/185.06, 365/185.33
• US Class Current: 714/6.13
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1068 in sector programmable memories, e.g. flash disk G06F11/1072 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1435 using file system or storage system metadata
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/2022 Flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0601 Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0664 at device level, e.g. emulation of a storage device or system

Abstract

A nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability includes a plurality of clusters each having a plurality of sectors, each of the sectors holding the attribute information for identification. A cluster information sector is placed at the top of a cluster to which it belongs. A data sector is placed in a data area which is the region other than the top of the cluster. A controller connected to the nonvolatile memory creates a cluster information copy sector when erasing a cluster, and reconstructs cluster management information from the cluster information copy sector when initializing a cluster, thereby forming a cluster information sector. Accordingly, endurance against failure such as power failure in a solid state file apparatus using the nonvolatile memory is improved.

Claims

1. A nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability, comprising:

a plurality of clusters, each of said clusters having a plurality of sectors;

each of said clusters having a cluster information sector for storing management information relative to the respective one of said clusters, said cluster information sector holding attribute information for said cluster information sector;

each of said clusters having a data area including data sectors for storing user data, said data area being at a location other than said cluster information sector, each of said data sectors holding attribute information for said data sectors; and

a cluster information copy sector in said data area in a first one of said clusters for storing a copy of said management information relative to a second one of said clusters, said cluster information copy sector holding an identifier of the second cluster and attribute information for said cluster information copy sector.

2. A nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability, comprising:

a plurality of clusters, each of said clusters having a plurality of sectors;

each of said clusters having a cluster information sector for storing management information relative to the respective one of

said clusters, said cluster information sector holding a cluster erase count, a bad sector map and attribute information for said cluster information sector; and

each of said clusters having a data area including data sectors for storing user data, said data area being at a location other than said cluster information sector, each of said data sectors holding attribute information for said data sectors.

3. The nonvolatile memory as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:

a bad information sector in said data area in a first one of said clusters for storing a location of a bad sector which is in the first cluster and not yet reflected in said bad sector map in said cluster information sector in the first cluster, said bad information sector holding an identifier of the first cluster and attribute information for said bad information sector.

4. The nonvolatile memory as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:

a bad information sector in said data area in a first one of said clusters for storing a location of a bad sector which is in a second one of said clusters and not yet reflected in said bad sector map in said cluster information sector in the second cluster, said bad information sector holding an identifier of the second cluster and attribute information for said bad information sector.

5. A nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability, comprising:

a plurality of clusters, each of said clusters having a plurality of sectors;

each of said clusters having a cluster information sector for storing management information relative to the respective one of said clusters, said cluster information sector holding attribute information for said cluster information sector;

each of said clusters having a data area including data sectors for storing user data, said data area being at a location other than said cluster information sector, each of said data sectors holding attribute information for said data sectors;

each of said clusters having a plurality of blocks, each of said blocks being a physical erase unit and including a plurality of pages;

a predetermined one of said pages of a first portion of said blocks included in a given one of said clusters being allocated to a first portion of said cluster information sector of the given cluster, a predetermined one of said pages of a second portion of said blocks included in the given cluster being allocated to a second portion of said cluster information sector of the given cluster; and

said management information for the given cluster being written in duplicate in the first and second portions of said cluster information sector of the given cluster.

6. The nonvolatile memory as claimed in claim 5, wherein:

the first and second portions of said cluster information sector of the given cluster are assigned to different memory chips.

7. The nonvolatile memory as claimed in claim 6, wherein:

a replacement cluster information sector being written in said data area of the given cluster when one of the first and second portions of said cluster information sector of the given cluster is bad, said replacement cluster information sector holding attribute information for said cluster information sector; and

the other of the first and second portions of said cluster information sector of the given cluster holding a pointer pointing to said replacement cluster information sector.

8. A method of controlling a solid state file apparatus having a controller and a nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability, said nonvolatile memory having a plurality of clusters, each of said clusters having a cluster information sector for storing management information relative to the respective one of said clusters, said cluster information sector holding attribute information for said cluster information sector, each of said clusters having a data area including data sectors for storing user data, said data area being at a location other than said cluster information sector, each of

said data sectors holding attribute information for said data sectors, said method comprising the steps of:

reading said management information in said cluster information sector of a first one of said clusters prior to erasure of the first cluster;

writing, in a cluster information copy sector in said data area of a second one of said clusters other than the first cluster, an identifier of the first cluster and said management information in said cluster information sector of the first cluster, and setting in the second cluster attribute information for said cluster information copy sector.

9. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said management information includes a cluster erase count, said method further comprising the steps of:

determining, when the second cluster is to be erased, the validity of said cluster information copy sector in the second cluster by comparing said cluster erase count held in said cluster information copy sector with that held in said cluster information sector in the first cluster pointed to by said identifier in said cluster information copy sector; and

copying, if said cluster information copy sector is valid, said cluster information copy sector to a data area of a given one of said clusters prior to erasure of the second cluster.

10. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the steps of:

initializing the first cluster after erasure of the first cluster, including the substeps of

reconstructing said management information from said cluster information copy sector, said cluster information copy sector being written in the second cluster prior to erasure of the first cluster, and

creating said cluster information sector in the first cluster.

11. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the step of:

searching for said cluster information copy sector when said controller fails to read said cluster information sector for the first sector.

15. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein a random access memory is connected to said controller, said random access memory including an address translation table translating a logical address contained in a command issued by a processor connected to said controller into a physical address pointing a specific one of said sectors, further comprising the steps of:

reconstructing said address translation table by reading all of said sectors in said nonvolatile memory upon start up, said controller recording the associativity between said identifier included in said cluster information copy sector and the location of said sector in a cluster information copy sector location table in said random access memory.

12. A method of controlling a solid state file apparatus having a controller and a nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability, said nonvolatile memory having a plurality of clusters, each of said clusters having a cluster information sector for storing management information including a bad sector map for the respective one of said clusters, said cluster information sector holding attribute information for said cluster information sector, each of said clusters having a data area including data sectors for storing user data, said data area being at a location other than said cluster information sector, each of said data sectors holding attribute information for said data sectors, said method comprising the steps of:

writing said user data into a first one of said clusters; and

writing, when a bad sector in a given one of said clusters is detected, an identifier of the given cluster, an identifier of said bad sector, and an cluster erase count into a bad information sector of the first cluster, and setting in the first cluster attribute information for said bad information sector.

13. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein said management information includes a cluster erase count, said method further comprising the steps of:

determining, prior to erasure of the first cluster, the validity of said bad information sector by comparing said cluster erase count held in said bad information sector with that held in said cluster information sector in the given cluster pointed to by said identifier in said bad information sector; and

copying, if said bad information sector is valid, said bad information sector to said data area of another one of said clusters prior to erasure of the first cluster.

14. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 12, further comprising the step of:

initializing a first cluster after erasure of the first cluster, including the substeps of

referencing the bad information sector, said bad information sector being written in the another cluster prior to erasure of the first cluster, and

updating said bad sector map of the given cluster.

16. The method of controlling said solid state file apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein a random access memory is connected to said controller, said random access memory including an address translation table translating a logical address contained in a command issued by a processor connected to said controller into a physical address pointing a specific one of said sectors, further comprising the steps of:

reconstructing said address translation table by reading all of said sectors in said nonvolatile memory upon start up, said controller recording the associativity between the cluster identifier included in said bad information sector and the location of said sector in a bad information sector location table in said random access memory.