Use of body boundary information to perform iterative reconstruction in medical imaging system

• US 5,739,539 A
• Filed: 03/27/1996
• Issued: 04/14/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/28/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Adam Laboratories Inc.
• Inventors: Jones, Steven M., Wang, Xiaohan, Brown, J. Keenan, Liebig, John R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bruce, David Vernon
• Application Number:
  US08/625,533
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 250/363.02, 250/363.03, 250/363.04, 250/370.09, 250/369
• US Class Current: 250/363.04
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4258 for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1611 using both transmission and emission sources sequentially SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1615 using both transmission and emission sources simultaneously SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1642 using a scintillation crystal and position sensing photodetector arrays, e.g. ANGER cameras
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1648 Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices adapted for flow studies G01T1/1647
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/166 involving relative movement between detector and subject scanners in general without using scintigraphy G01T1/2964
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/003 Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography

Abstract

A method of performing image reconstruction in a gamma camera system comprises the steps of performing a transmission scan of an object about a number of rotation angles to collect transmission projection data and performing an emission scan of the object about numerous rotation angles to collect emission projection data. The outer boundary of the object is then located based on the transmission projection data. Information identifying the boundary is then either stored in a separate body contour map or embedded in an attenuation map. The information identifying the boundary can be in the form of flags indicating whether individual pixels are inside or outside the boundary of the object. The emission projection data is then reconstructed, using the attenuation map if desired, to generate transverse slice images. By using the body boundary information, portions of the emission projection data representing points outside the boundary of the object are not reconstructed in order to reduce total reconstruction time.

Claims

1. A method of generating images in a gamma camera system, comprising the steps of:

performing a transmission scan of an object about a plurality of projection angles to collect transmission projection data;

performing an emission scan of the object about a plurality of projection angles to collect emission projection data;

generating information locating a boundary of the object based on the transmission projection data; and

reconstructing the emission projection data to generate at least one image, including using the information locating a boundary of the object to avoid reconstructing portions of the emission projection data that correspond to locations outside the boundary of the object.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of generating an attenuation map.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the step of generating information locating a boundary of the object comprises the step of generating a body boundary map separate from the attenuation map.

4. A method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of including the information locating a boundary of the object in the attenuation map.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the attenuation map includes a plurality of attenuation values, and wherein the step of including the information locating a boundary of the object in the attenuation map includes the step of modifying by a predetermined quantity certain ones of the attenuation values which correspond to positions outside the boundary of the object.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of reconstructing comprises the step of using an iterative reconstruction technique to reconstruct the emission projection data to generate said at least one image.

7. A method of generating images in a gamma camera system, comprising the steps of:

performing a transmission scan of an object about a plurality of projection angles to collect transmission projection data;

performing an emission scan of the object about a plurality of projection angles to collect emission projection data;

generating an attenuation map from the transmission projection data;

locating a boundary of the object based on the transmission projection data;

including information identifying the boundary of the object in the attenuation map; and

reconstructing the emission projection data using the attenuation map to generate at least one image, the reconstructing step including the step of using the information identifying the boundary of the object to avoid reconstructing portions of the emission projection data that correspond to locations outside the boundary of the object.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the step of generating the attenuation map comprises the step of generating data representing at least one transverse slice, and wherein the step of locating comprises the step of, for each transverse slice, determining a bounded area encompassing the boundary of the object.

9. A method according to claim 7, wherein the step of reconstructing comprises the step of using an iterative reconstruction technique to reconstruct the emission projection data to generate said at least one image.

10. A method according to claim 7, wherein the step of including comprises the step of setting a plurality of flags within the attenuation map to indicate the boundary.

11. A method according to claim 7, wherein:

the step of generating an attenuation map comprises the step of determining a plurality of attenuation values; and

the step of including information locating the boundary of the object in the attenuation map comprises the step of modifying certain ones of the values within the attenuation map which correspond to positions outside the boundary of the object by a predetermined constant.

12. A method of generating images in a nuclear medicine imaging system, comprising the steps of:

performing a transmission scan of an object about a plurality of projection angles to collect transmission projection data;

performing an emission scan of the object about a plurality of projection angles to collect emission projection data;

generating an attenuation map from the transmission projection data;

generating a body contour map based on the transmission projection data, the body contour map including a plurality of flags identifying the boundary of the object; and

reconstructing the emission projection data using the attenuation map and the body contour map to generate at least one image, the emission projection data corresponding to a plurality of pixels, the reconstructing step including the steps of;

for each pixel, examining a corresponding flag in the body contour map; and

if the corresponding flag is not set, reconstructing said pixel using the attenuation map; and

if the corresponding flag is set, not reconstructing said pixel;

such that portions of the emission projection data that correspond to locations outside the boundary of the object are not reconstructed in generating said at least one image.

13. A nuclear medicine imaging system comprising:

a radiation detector;

a transmission source of radiation;

a processor coupled to the radiation detector and the transmission source, the processor configured to control the transmission source and the radiation detector to perform a transmission scan of an object about a plurality of projection angles and to collect transmission projection data therefrom;

the processor further configured to control the radiation detector to perform an emission scan of the object about a plurality of projection angles and to collect emission projection data therefrom;

the processor further configured to generate an attenuation map from the transmission projection data;

the processor further configured to locate a boundary of the object based on the transmission projection data;

the processor further configured to include information locating the boundary of the object in the attenuation map; and

the processor further configured to reconstruct the emission projection data using the attenuation map to generate at least one image, the processor further configured to use the information locating the boundary of the object to avoid reconstructing portions of the emission projection data that correspond to locations outside the boundary of the object; and

a memory coupled to the processor to store and provide access to the transmission projection data, the emission projection data, and the attenuation map.

14. A nuclear medicine imaging system according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to generate the attenuation map comprising at least one transverse slice, and wherein the processor is further configured to, for each transverse slice, determine a bounded area encompassing the boundary of the object.

15. A nuclear medicine imaging system according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to reconstruct the emission projection data using an iterative reconstruction technique.

16. A nuclear medicine imaging system according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further reconfigured to set a plurality of flags within the attenuation map to indicate the boundary.

17. A gamma camera system comprising:

a radiation detector;

a transmission source of radiation;

a processor coupled to control the radiation detector and the transmission source to perform a transmission scan of an object about a plurality of projection angles to collect transmission projection data;

the processor further configured to control the detector to perform an emission scan of the object about a plurality of projection angles to collect emission projection data;

the processor further configured to generate an attenuation map from the transmission projection data, the attenuation map including at least one transverse slice;

the processor further configured to generate information locating a boundary of the object based on the transmission projection data; and

the processor further configured to reconstruct the emission projection data to generate at least one image, including using the information locating a boundary of the object to avoid reconstructing portions of the emission projection data that correspond to locations outside the boundary of the object.

18. A gamma camera system according to claim 17 wherein the processor is further configured to generate an attenuation map from the transmission projection data.

19. A gamma camera system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to organize the information locating a boundary of the object in a body boundary map separate from the attenuation map.

20. A gamma camera system according to claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to include the information locating a boundary of the object in the attenuation map.

21. A gamma camera system according to claim 20, wherein the attenuation map includes a plurality of attenuation values, and wherein the processor is further configured to include the information locating a boundary of the object in the attenuation map by modifying by a predetermined quantity certain ones of the attenuation values which correspond to positions outside the boundary of the object.

22. A method according to claim 17, wherein in the step of reconstructing comprises the step of using an iterative reconstruction technique to reconstruct the emission projection data to generate said at least one image.