Flow analysis system and method

• US 5,741,980 A
• Filed: 01/16/1997
• Issued: 04/21/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: Foster-Miller Incorporated (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Inventors: Barck, Bruce N., Hill, Wayne S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chilcot, Richard
• Assistant Examiner(s): THOMPSON, JEWEL VERGIE
• Application Number:
  US08/784,787
• Time in Patent Office: 460 Days
• Field of Search: 73/861.04, 73/29.01, 73/23.2, 73/24.01, 73/659, 73/30.03
• US Class Current: 73/861.04
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 5/28 for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/666 by detecting noise and sounds generated by the flowing fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/667 Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/74 Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02818 Density, viscosity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02836 Flow rate, liquid level
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0423 Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/036 by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/14 using acoustic emission techniques echo of particles G01N29/046; measuring mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in solids in general G01H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/2425 optoacoustic fluid cells therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/42 by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/4481 Neural networks
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/48 by amplitude comparison
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/64 Three-dimensional objects

Abstract

A non-invasive flow analysis system and method wherein a sensor, such as an acoustic sensor, is coupled to a conduit for transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit. The signal is amplified and there is a filter, responsive to the sensor signal, and tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the sensor. A demodulator generates an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal and a number of flow indicator quantities are calculated based on variations in amplitude of the amplitude envelope. A neural network, or its equivalent, is then used to determine the flow rate of the flow in the conduit based on the flow indicator quantities.

Claims

1. A flow analysis system comprising:

a sensor in communication with a conduit including a flow therein for transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

a filter, responsive to said signal, tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the sensor;

means for generating an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal;

means, responsive to the amplitude envelope, for calculating a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit; and

means, responsive to the flow indicator quantities, for determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit.

2. The system of claim 1 in which said means for calculating includes means for sampling the amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the resonant frequency of the sensor.

3. The system of claim 1 in which said means for determining includes a neural network trained to calculate the flow rate in accordance with a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of a known flow rate in the conduit.

4. The system of claim 1 in which said means for calculating includes means for determining variations in the amplitude of the amplitude envelope.

5. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average value of the amplitude.

6. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the standard deviation of the amplitude.

7. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the characteristic auto-correlation time.

8. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average absolute value difference of the amplitude.

9. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average crossing waves variable.

10. The system of claim 9 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square difference of the average crossing waves variable.

11. The system of claim 9 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the duration of the average crossing waves variable.

12. The system of claim 9 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square value of the duration of average crossing waves variable.

13. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the period of standard deviation crossing waves.

14. The system of claim 13 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes duration of crossing waves.

15. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square duration of standard deviation crossing waves.

16. The system of claim 4 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes both the average value of the amplitude of the envelope and the standard deviation of the average value of the amplitude of the envelope.

17. A flow analysis system comprising:

an acoustic sensor in communication with a conduit including a flow therein for transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

means, responsive to the amplitude envelope, for calculating a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit; and

means, responsive to the flow indicator quantities, for determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit.

18. The system of claim 17 further including an amplifier for amplifying said signal.

19. The system of claim 17 further including a filter, tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the sensor.

20. The system of claim 17 further including means for generating an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal.

21. The system of claim 20 further including means for sampling said amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the frequency of the signal transmitted by the sensor.

22. A flow analysis system comprising:

an acoustic sensor in communication with a conduit including a flow therein for transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

means for amplifying the signal;

a filter, responsive to the amplified signal and tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies the proximate resonant frequency of the acoustic sensor;

means for generating an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal;

means, responsive to the amplitude envelope, for calculating a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit; and

means, responsive to the flow indicator quantities, for determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit.

23. The system of claim 22 in which said means for calculating includes means for sampling the amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the resonant frequency of the sensor.

24. The system of claim 22 in which said means for determining includes a neural network trained to calculate the flow rate in accordance with a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of a known flow rate in the conduit.

25. The system of claim 22 in which said means for calculating includes means for determining variations in the amplitude of the amplitude envelope.

26. A flow analysis method comprising:

coupling a sensor to a conduit with a flow therein and transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

using a filter, responsive to the signal and tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the sensor;

generating an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal;

calculating, in response to the amplitude envelope, a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit; and

in response to the flow indicator quantities, determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit.

27. The method of claim 26 in which calculating includes sampling the amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the resonant frequency of the sensor.

28. The method of claim 26 in which determining includes using a neural network trained to calculate the flow rate in accordance with a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of a known flow rate in the conduit.

29. The method of claim 26 in which calculating includes determining variations in the amplitude of the amplitude envelope.

30. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average value of the amplitude.

31. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the standard deviation of the amplitude.

32. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the characteristic auto-correlation time.

33. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average absolute value difference of the amplitude.

34. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the average crossing waves variable.

35. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square difference of the average crossing waves variable.

36. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the duration of the average crossing waves variable.

37. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square value of the duration of average crossing waves variable.

38. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the period of standard deviation crossings.

39. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the duration of crossing waves.

40. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes the root mean square duration of standard deviation crossing waves.

41. The method of claim 29 in which a said flow indicator quantity includes both the average value of the amplitude of the envelope and the standard deviation of the average value of the amplitude of the envelope.

42. A flow analysis method comprising:

coupling an acoustic sensor to a conduit with a flow therein and transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

using a filter, responsive to the signal and tuned to pass a narrow band of frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the acoustic sensor;

generating an amplitude envelope of the filtered signal;

calculating a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit from the amplitude envelope; and

in response to the flow indicator quantities, determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit.

43. The method of claim 42 in which calculating includes sampling the amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the resonant frequency of the sensor.

44. The method of claim 42 in which determining includes using a neural network trained to calculate the flow rate in accordance with a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of a known flow rate in the conduit.

45. The method of claim 42 in which calculating includes determining variations in the amplitude of the amplitude envelope.

46. A flow analysis method comprising:

coupling an acoustic sensor to a conduit with a flow therein and transmitting a signal which varies depending on the characteristics of the flow in the conduit;

using the amplitude envelope to calculate a plurality of flow indicator quantities representative of the flow in the conduit; and

determining the flow rate of the flow in the conduit from the flow indicator quantities.

47. The method of claim 46 further including amplifying the acoustic sensor signal.

48. The method of claim 46 further including using a filter, tuned to pass frequencies proximate the resonant frequency of the acoustic sensor.

49. The method of claim 46 further including generating an amplitude envelope of the acoustic sensor signal.

50. The method of claim 49 further including sampling the amplitude envelope at a rate less than or equal to the resonant frequency of the acoustic sensor.