Keyboard using pressurized fluid to generate key stroke characteristics

• US 5,742,242 A
• Filed: 12/19/1996
• Issued: 04/21/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Compaq Computer Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Sellers, Charles A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): Edwards, Jr., Timothy
• Application Number:
  US08/769,796
• Time in Patent Office: 488 Days
• Field of Search: 341/22, 341/34, 341/27, 345/168, 400/491, 400/491.1, 200/5 E, 200/5 R, 200/83 B
• US Class Current: 341/22
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/1616 with folding flat displays, e.g. laptop computers or notebooks having a clamshell configuration, with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/1666 Arrangements for reducing the size of the integrated keyboard for transport, e.g. foldable keyboards, keyboards with collapsible keys G06F1/1664 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 13/70 having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard mounting together a plurality of independent switches H02B
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 13/702 with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 13/703 characterised by spacers between contact carrying layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2211/002 Fluid or inflatable keyboards
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2215/028 alterable
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2221/038 Fluid
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2221/068 having a not operable condition
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2223/052 reductible in size, e.g. for transportation
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2227/034 Regulation of operating force
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2239/022 with opto-electronic switch

Abstract

A notebook computer is provided with a collapsible keyboard structure in which, during operation of the computer, the keys are held in extended operating positions by the force of a pressurized fluid-filled flexible mat member having spaced apart orificed compartments against which bottom ends of vertically movable plunger portions of the keys downwardly bear. Position sensors monitor the stroke positions of the keys and, as the keys are depressed during computer use, responsively transmit corresponding position signals to a control system which utilizes the position signals to alter the fluid pressure within the mat member in a manner providing the keys with predetermined, selectively variable stroke force/distance characteristics. When the computer is turned off, fluid pressure within the mat member is relieved in a manner permitting the keys to collapse to retracted storage/transport orientations, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the keyboard until subsequent operation of the computer.

Claims

1. Switch apparatus comprising:

a support structure;

a manually operable switch member carried on said support structure for a stroke movement relative thereto between first and second positions;

a biasing structure operative to yieldingly bias said switch member toward said first position utilizing a selectively variable fluid pressure biasing force; and

control apparatus operative to sense the stroke position of said switch member and responsively vary said fluid pressure biasing force as a function of the sensed stroke position in accordance with a predetermined desired relationship between the switch member stroke position and the magnitude of said fluid pressure biasing force.

2. The switch apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

said predetermined desired relationship is a nonlinear relationship.

3. The switch apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

said control apparatus is further operative to selectively vary said predetermined desired relationship.

4. The switch apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

in the absence of said fluid pressure biasing force said switch member is collapsible from said first position to said second position.

5. The switch apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

said switch member has an activation position intermediate said first and second positions, and

said control apparatus is further operative to generate a switch activation signal in response to said switch member reaching said activation position while approaching said second position.

6. Keyboard apparatus comprising:

a support structure;

a series of manually depressible key cap members each carried on said support structure for a stroke movement relative thereto between an outwardly extended use position and an inwardly retracted storage and transport position;

a biasing structure associated with said key cap members and operative to utilize a pressurized fluid force in a manner yieldingly biasing said key cap members toward their outwardly extended use positions; and

control apparatus operative to sense the stroke position of each key cap member and responsively vary the pressurized fluid biasing force thereon as a function of the sensed stroke position in accordance with a predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship for said keyboard apparatus.

7. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

said predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship is a nonlinear relationship.

8. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

said control apparatus is further operative to selectively vary said predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship.

9. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

in the absence of said biasing force thereon said key cap members are collapsible to said inwardly retracted storage and transport positions thereof.

10. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

each key cap member has a key activation position intermediate its extended and retracted positions, and

said control apparatus is further operative to generate a key activation signal for each key cap member in response to the key cap member reaching its key activation position while approaching its retraced position.

11. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

said keyboard is an electronic device keyboard.

12. The keyboard apparatus of claim 11 wherein:

said keyboard is a computer keyboard.

13. The keyboard apparatus of claim 12 wherein:

said keyboard is a portable computer keyboard.

14. The keyboard apparatus of claim 13 wherein:

said keyboard is a notebook computer keyboard.

15. The keyboard apparatus of claim 6 wherein:

said biasing structure includes a hollow flexible biasing member underlying said key cap members and adapted to contain a quantity of pressurized fluid, and force transfer members carried by said key cap members for movement therewith, said force transfer members exteriorly engaging said biasing member in a manner utilizing pressurized fluid therein to yieldingly bias each key cap member toward its extended position and alter the fluid pressure within said biasing member as a function of the stroke position of the key cap member, and

said control apparatus is operative to vary the fluid pressure within said biasing member in response to sensed variations thereof caused by a stroke movement of one of said key cap members.

16. The keyboard apparatus of claim 15 wherein:

said biasing member is adapted to hold a quantity of gas.

17. The keyboard apparatus of claim 15 wherein:

said biasing member is adapted to hold a quantity of liquid.

18. The keyboard apparatus of claim 15 wherein:

said control apparatus further includes a pressure relief structure operative to selectively relieve the pressure within said biasing member in a manner permitting said key cap members to be collapsed from said outwardly extended use positions thereof to said inwardly retracted storage and transport positions thereof.

19. The keyboard apparatus of claim 15 wherein:

said biasing member has a main hollow body portion with a spaced series of walled off subcompartment portions aligned with and engaged by said force transfer members, said subcompartment portions having wall sections with with orifices therein through which the interiors of said subcompartment portions communicate with surrounding interior portions of said main hollow body portion.

20. The keyboard apparatus of claim 19 wherein:

said control apparatus includes a variable speed fluid pump having an outlet communicated with the interior of said main hollow body portion, and

said control apparatus is operative to vary the speed of said fluid pump in response to sensed variations in the fluid pressure within said biasing member.

21. The keyboard apparatus of claim 20 wherein:

said control apparatus includes a series of position sensors operative to sense the stroke positions of said key cap members and responsively output position sensing signals indicative of the sensed key cap member stroke positions.

22. The keyboard apparatus of claim 21 wherein:

said control apparatus further includes a microprocessor operatively connected to said position sensors, said fluid pump and said biasing member.

23. A computer having a keyboard portion comprising:

a support structure;

a series of manually depressible key cap members each carried on said support structure for a stroke movement relative thereto between an outwardly extended use position and an inwardly retracted storage and transport position;

a biasing structure associated with said key cap members and operative to utilize a pressurized fluid force in a manner yieldingly biasing said key cap members toward their outwardly extended use positions; and

control apparatus operative to sense the stroke position of each key cap member and responsively vary the pressurized fluid biasing force thereon as a function of the sensed stroke position in accordance with a predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship for said keyboard apparatus.

24. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

said predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship is a nonlinear relationship.

25. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

said control apparatus is further operative to selectively vary said predetermined desired key force/key travel relationship.

26. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

in the absence of said biasing force thereon said key cap members are collapsible to said inwardly retracted storage and transport positions thereof.

27. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

each key cap member has a key activation position intermediate its extended and retracted positions, and

said control apparatus is further operative to generate a key activation signal for each key cap member in response to the key cap member reaching its key activation position while approaching its retraced position.

28. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

said computer is a portable computer.

29. The computer of claim 28 wherein:

said computer is a notebook computer.

30. The computer of claim 23 wherein:

said biasing structure includes a hollow flexible biasing member underlying said key cap members and adapted to contain a quantity of pressurized fluid, and force transfer members carried by said key cap members for movement therewith, said force transfer members exteriorly engaging said biasing member in a manner utilizing pressurized fluid therein to yieldingly bias each key cap member toward its extended position and alter the fluid pressure within said biasing member as a function of the stroke position of the key cap member, and

said control apparatus is operative to vary the fluid pressure within said biasing member in response to sensed variations thereof caused by a stroke movement of one of said key cap members.

31. The computer of claim 30 wherein:

said biasing member is adapted to hold a quantity of gas.

32. The computer of claim 30 wherein:

said biasing member is adapted to hold a quantity of liquid.

33. The computer of claim 30 wherein:

said control apparatus further includes a pressure relief structure operative to selectively relieve the pressure within said biasing member in a manner permitting said key cap members to be collapsed from said outwardly extended use positions thereof to said inwardly retracted storage and transport positions thereof.

34. The computer of claim 30 wherein:

said biasing member has a main hollow body portion with a spaced series of walled off subcompartment portions aligned with and engaged by said force transfer members, said subcompartment portions having wall sections with orifices therein through which the interiors of said subcompartment portions communicate with surrounding interior portions of said main hollow body portion.

35. The computer of claim 34 wherein:

said control apparatus includes a variable speed fluid pump having an outlet communicated with the interior of said main hollow body portion, and

said control apparatus is operative to vary the speed of said fluid pump in response to sensed variations in the fluid pressure within said biasing member.

36. The computer of claim 35 wherein:

said control apparatus includes a series of position sensors operative to sense the stroke positions of said key cap members and responsively output position sensing signals indicative of the sensed key cap member stroke positions.

37. The computer of claim 36 wherein:

said control apparatus further includes a microprocessor operatively connected to said position sensors, said fluid pump and said biasing member.