Ambient light automatic gain control for electronic imaging cameras and the like

• US 5,742,340 A
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 04/21/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Missile Systems Company
• Inventors: Alves, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): HSIA, SHERRIE Y
• Application Number:
  US08/471,467
• Time in Patent Office: 1,050 Days
• Field of Search: 348/222, 348/255, 348/256, 348/366, 348/373, 348/375
• US Class Current: 348/255
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/71 Circuitry for evaluating the brightness variation

Abstract

Apparatus that performs automatic gain control (AGC) for an electronic imaging camera, especially in outdoor surveillance applications. A fiber optic link is used to collect ambient light and couple this light onto a small portion of a light sensing array of the camera. A reference voltage produced by the light sensing array in response to the light from the fiber is used by AGC circuits in the camera to control the integration time of light sensing elements of the array, the gain of the camera'"'"'s video amplifier, and lens aperture, if necessary. These camera gain controls are adjusted to maintain the reference voltage derived from the light provided by the fiber optic link to be within a predefined range as the ambient light level varies due to weather conditions and time of day. Methods of providing automatic gain control correction are also disclosed.

Claims

1. Ambient light automatic gain control apparatus for use with an electronic imaging camera having a multi-element light sensing array and a video amplifier for amplifying signals produced by the array, said apparatus comprising:

a fiber optic link that collects light from the sky, and couples the light to a predetermined plurality of light sensing elements of the light sensing array that produce a reference voltage in response thereto; and

automatic gain control circuits coupled to the light sensing array for controlling the gain of the video amplifier of the camera as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fiber optic link comprises:

a light-diffusing dome; and

an optical fiber having one end disposed within the dome for receiving the light transmitted by the dome, said optical fiber having an opposite end secured to the light sensing array adjacent to the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the fiber optic link further comprises:

a base plate having a threaded flange;

a ring collar for securing the dome to the base plate; and

a gasket disposed between the dome and the base plate.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a stand-off tube disposed between the base plate and the camera.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the base plate has a central hole through which the optical fiber passes.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein a fiber optic SMA connector is coupled to the central hole for securing the optical fiber with respect to the dome.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fiber optic link is comprised a fiber optic SMA connector disposed at one end, a length of optical fiber having a protective jacket thereover, and a metallized end disposed at the opposite end of the protective jacket.

8. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the optical fiber is coated with black glass to minimize light reflection.

9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the optical fiber is polished at an end adjacent to the SMA connector.

10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the camera comprises:

a body, and wherein the metallized end of the fiber optic link is disposed in an opening in the body to provide strain relief for the optical fiber;

a cavity disposed in the body; and

a protective window disposed adjacent the cavity that has an opening therethrough through which the optical fiber passes.

11. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the optical fiber is polished at an end adjacent to the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the automatic gain control circuits provides a shutter speed control output signal for controlling the integration time of the light sensing elements of the light sensing array.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the automatic gain control circuits provides a lens iris output signal for controlling the lens iris setting of the camera.

14. Ambient light automatic gain control apparatus for use with an electronic imaging camera having a multi-element light sensing array and a video amplifier for amplifying signals produced by the array, said apparatus comprising:

a fiber optic link that collects light from the sky, and couples the light to a predetermined plurality of light sensing elements of the light sensing array that produce a reference voltage in response thereto; and

automatic gain control circuits coupled to the light sensing array for controlling the integration time of all light sensing elements thereof and gain of the video amplifier of the camera as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the fiber optic link comprises:

a light-diffusing dome; and

an optical fiber having one end disposed within the dome for receiving the light transmitted by the dome, said optical fiber having an opposite end secured to the light sensing array adjacent to the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

16. A method of automatically controlling the gain of an electronic imaging camera having a multi-element light sensing array and a video amplifier for amplifying signals produced by the array, said method comprising the steps of:

collecting light from the sky;

coupling the collected light to a predetermined plurality of light sensing elements of the light sensing array;

producing a reference voltage in response to the light coupled to the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements; and

adjusting the gain of the video amplifier of the electronic imaging camera in response to and as a function of the reference voltage.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of adjusting the integration time of all light sensing elements of the array as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

18. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of adjusting the shutter speed of the shutter of the camera as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of collecting light from the sky comprises the step of collecting light from the sky using a fiber optic link.

20. A method of automatically controlling the gain of an electronic imaging camera having a multi-element light sensing array and a video amplifier for amplifying signals produced by the array, said method comprising the steps of:

collecting light from the sky;

coupling the collected light to a predetermined plurality of light sensing elements of the light sensing array;

producing a reference voltage in response to the light coupled to the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements;

adjusting the gain of the video amplifier of the electronic imaging camera in response to and as a function of the reference voltage; and

adjusting the integration time of all light sensing elements of the array as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of adjusting the shutter speed of the shutter of the camera as a function of the reference voltage produced by the predetermined plurality of light sensing elements.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the step of collecting light from the sky comprises the step of collecting light from the sky using a fiber optic link.