Enhanced lubricity diesel fuel emulsions for reduction of nitrogen oxides

• US 5,743,922 A
• Filed: 03/21/1994
• Issued: 04/28/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nalco Fuel Tech
• Original Assignee: Nalco Fuel Tech
• Inventors: Dubin, Leonard, Valentine, James M., Peter-Hoblyn, Jeremy D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Howard, Jacqueline V.
• Application Number:
  US08/215,504
• Time in Patent Office: 1,499 Days
• Field of Search: 55/301, 55/302
• US Class Current: 44/301
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/10 containing additives
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1233 oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1241 metal carbonyls
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/125 water
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1608 Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1616 fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1691 petroleum waxes, mineral waxes; paraffines; alkylation products; Friedel-Crafts condensation products; petroleum resins; modified waxes (oxidised)
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1802 natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1814 Chelates
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1824 mono-hydroxy
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1828 Salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1832 mono-hydroxy C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817, C10L1/1828 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1852 Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1855 Cyclic ethers, e.g. epoxides, lactides, lactones
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1857 Aldehydes; Ketones
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1881 carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1883 polycarboxylic acid
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1886 naphthenic acid
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1888 tall oil
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/19 Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/191 : of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/1985 : polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/201 : aliphatic bond
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2222 : (cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2225 : hydroxy containing C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/224 : Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides C10L1/221, C10L1/2227 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/23 : containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/231 : nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/232 : containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/238 : obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds C10L1/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2437 : Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2493 : compounds of uncertain formula; reactions of organic compounds (hydrocarbons, acids, esters) with sulfur or sulfur containing compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/2641 : oxygen bonds only
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/301 : derived from metals
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/305 : organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/306 : organo Pb compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/328 : Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 10/02 : for reducing smoke development
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 10/04 : for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 10/08 : for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/206 : Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents F01N3/2066 takes precedence

Abstract

An improved lubricity water and diesel fuel emulsion is presented. The emulsion is used as fuel for diesel engines, and includes a lubricity additive selected from the group consisting of dimer acids, trimer acids, phosphate esters, sulfurized castor oil, and mixtures thereof.

Claims

1. An improved lubricity water and diesel fuel emulsion for use as fuel for a diesel engine, comprising a lubricity additive which comprises dimer acids, trimer acids or mixtures thereof.

2. The emulsion of claim 1, wherein said lubricity additive is present at a level of at least about 100 ppm.

3. The emulsion of claim 1, wherein said lubricity additive further comprises a corrosion inhibitor comprising a filming amine.

4. The emulsion of claim 1, which further comprises an emulsification system comprising:

a) about 25% to about 85% of an amide;

b) about 5% to about 25% of a phenolic surfactant; and

c) about 0% to about 40% of a difunctional block polymer terminating in a primary hydroxyl group.

5. The emulsion of claim 4, wherein said amide comprises an alkanolamide formed by condensation of a hydroxyalkyl amine with an organic acid.

6. The emulsion of claim 4, wherein said phenolic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated alkylphenol.

7. The emulsion of claim 6, wherein said ethoxylated alkylphenol comprises ethylene oxide nonylphenyl.

8. The emulsion of claim 4, wherein said difunctional block polymer comprises propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymer.

9. The emulsion of claim 4, wherein said emulsification system is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5.0% by weight.

10. The emulsion of claim 1, which comprises up to about 70% water.

19. The emulsion of claim 1, wherein the lubricity additive further comprises phosphate esters, sulfurized castor oil or mixtures thereof.

11. A method for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine, comprising forming an emulsion of water and diesel fuel having up to about 70% water by weight, which comprises a lubricity additive comprising dimer acids, trimer acids, or mixtures thereof;

and combusting said emulsion in a diesel engine.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said lubricity additive is present at a level of at least about 100 ppm.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein said lubricity additive further comprises a corrosion inhibitor comprising a filming amine.

14. The method of claim 11, which further comprises an emulsification system comprising:

a) about 25% to about 85% of an amide;

b) about 5% to about 25% of a phenolic surfactant; and

c) about 0% to about 40% of a difunctional block polymer terminating in a primary hydroxyl group.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said amide comprises an alkanolamide formed by condensation of a hydroxyalkyl amine with an organic acid.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein said phenolic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated alkylphenol.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein said difunctional block polymer comprises propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymer.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein said emulsification system is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5.0% by weight.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein said lubricity additive further comprises phosphate esters, sulfurized castor oil or mixtures thereof.