Quenching reagents and assays for enzyme-mediated luminescence

• US 5,744,320 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 04/28/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Promega Corporation
• Original Assignee: Promega Corporation
• Inventors: Sherf, Bruce A., Schenborn, Elaine T., Wood, Keith V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Leary, Louise
• Application Number:
  US08/472,546
• Time in Patent Office: 1,056 Days
• Field of Search: 435/8, 435/4, 435/975, 435/963, 435/23, 252/301.16, 252/646, 252/4.01, 356/4.01
• US Class Current: 435/8
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/66 involving luciferase
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/581 with enzyme label (including co-enzymes, co-factors, enzyme inhibitors or substrates)
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/963 Methods of stopping an enzyme reaction or stabilizing the test materials
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/975 Kit

Abstract

The present invention relates to single and dual-reporter luminescence assays utilizing general and specific reagents to quench enzyme-mediated reactions. In one embodiment of the invention, a reagent is added to the assay which non-specifically quenches enzyme-mediated luminescent reactions. In another embodiment of the invention, a reagent is added to the assay which simultaneously quenches one enzyme-mediated luminescent reaction while activating another distinct enzyme-mediated luminescent reaction. An assay kit containing specific quench reagents, and the reagents themselves are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of assaying enzyme-mediated luminescence reactions comprising:

(a) initiating at least one enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction;

then

(b) quantifying luminescence energy produced by the luminescence reaction; and

then

(c) quenching photon emission from the enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by introducing at least one quench reagent to the luminescence reaction.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (a), at least one luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction is initiated.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (c), the luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with a quench reagent capable of reducing photon emissions from said luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (c), the luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

n-butanol,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

citric acid,

Tween®

20,

Triton®

X-100,

and mixtures thereof.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (c), the luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with at least one composition comprising quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

SDS and NaI;

I₂ and NaI;

Na₄ PPi and NaI;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi and iso-propanol;

IFP Ink and APMBT;

APMBT and CDTA;

IFP Ink and CDTA;

IFP Ink and Na₄ PPi;

SDS and NaI;

Tween®

20 and NaI;

Tween®

20, NaI, and n-butanol;

Triton®

X-100 and NaI;

and mixtures thereof.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (c), the luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched in a time period not greater than 10 seconds.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (a), a luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a luciferase selected from the group consisting of beetle luciferases and functional equivalents thereof is initiated.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step (a), a luciferase-mediated lumincscence reaction mediated by Photinus pyralis (North American firefly) luciferase or a functional equivalent thereof is initiated.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step (c), the Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

and mixtures thereof.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (c), the Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step (c), the Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with at least one composition comprising quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

I₂ and NaI;

Na₄ PPi and NaI;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi and iso-propanol;

IFP Ink and APMBT;

APMBT and CDTA;

IFP Ink and CDTA;

IFP Ink and EDTA;

IFP Ink, and Na₄ PPi;

and mixtures thereof.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein in step (c), the Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with at least one composition comprising quench reagents selected from the group consisting of Na₄ PPi and NaI;

and Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein in step (c), the Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

14. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step (a), a luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus (Jamaican click beetle) luciferase is initiated.

15. The method according to claim 14 wherein in step (c), the pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

adenosine triphosphate,

and mixtures thereof.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein in step (c), pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein in step (c), the Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with at least one composition comprising quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

I₂ and NaI;

Na₄ PPi and NaI;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi, C. DTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi and iso-propanol;

IFP Ink, and APMBT;

APMBT and CDTA;

IFP Ink and CDTA;

IFP Ink and EDTA;

Ink and Na₄ PPi;

and mixtures thereof.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein in step (c), the Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

19. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (a), a luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a luciferase selected from the group consisting of anthozoan luciferases and functional equivalents thereof is initiated.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein in step (a), a luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by Renilla reniformis (sea pansy) luciferase or a functional equivalent thereof is initiated.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein in step (c), the Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

citric acid,

Tween®

b 20,

Triton®

X-100,

n-butanol,

and mixtures thereof.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein in step (c), the Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

23. The method according to claim 20, wherein in step (c), the Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with at least one composition comprising quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

SDS;

SDS and NaI;

I₂ and NaI

Tween®

20 and NaI;

Tween®

20, NaI, and n-butanol;

Triton®

X-100 and NaI;

and mixtures thereof.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein in step (c), the Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with a composition comprising SDS;

and SDS and NaI.

25. The method according to claim 23, wherein in step (c), the Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

26. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (a) a first enzyme-mediated luminescent reaction mediated by a first enzyme is initiated, and further comprising:

in step (c), introducing a quench-and-activate composition capable of selectively quenching the first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction and simultaneously initiating a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction distinct from the first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction; and

(d) quantifying luminescence energy produced by the second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first luciferase is initiated.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein

in step (a), a first luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first luciferase is initiated;

and

in step (c) a second and distinct luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction, mediated by a second and distinct luciferase is initiated.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein in step (c), a quench-and-activate composition capable of reducing photon emissions from the first luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein in step (a), a first luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a luciferase selected from the group consisting of beetle luciferases and functional equivalents thereof is initiated;

and

in step (c), a second luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a luciferase selected from the group consisting of anthozoan luciferases and functional equivalents thereof is initiated.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein in step (c), the first luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched, and the second luciferase-mediated reaction is initiated with a quench-and-activate composition comprising one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

Tween®

20,

Triton®

X-100,

and mixtures thereof; and

one or more initiating reagents selected from the group consisting of coelenterate luciferins and functional equivalents thereof, and mixtures thereof.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein in step (c), the first luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched with a quench-and-activate composition capable of reducing photon emissions from the first luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

33. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Photinus pyralis luciferase is initiated.

34. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Photinus pyralis luciferase is initiated.

35. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Renilla reniformis luciferase is initiated.

36. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Renilla reniformis luciferase is initiated.

37. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase is initiated.

38. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase is initiated.

39. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Photinus pyralis luciferase or a functional equivalent thereof is initiated;

and

in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Renilla reniformis luciferase or a functional equivalent thereof is initiated.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein in step (c), the first Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched, and the second Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is initiated with a quench-and-activate composition comprising one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

and mixtures thereof;

and

an initiating reagent comprising initiating reagents selected from the group consisting of coelenterate luciferins, functional equivalents thereof, and mixtures thereof.

41. The method according to claim 39, wherein in step (c), the first Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched, and the second Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is initiated with a quench-and-activate composition comprising mixtures selected from the group consisting of

Na₄ PPi, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, NaI, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and coelenterazine;

APMBT, CDTA, and coelenterazine;

and mixtures thereof.

42. The method according to claim 41, wherein in step (c), the first Photinus pyralis luciferase-mediated reaction is quenched, and the second Renilla reniformis luciferase-mediated reaction is initiated with a quench-and-activate composition comprising a mixture selected from the group consisting of Na₄ PPi, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

and Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine.

43. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus luciferase is initiated;

and

in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Renilla reniformis luciferase is initiated.

44. The method according to claim 26, wherein in step (a), a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a first Renilla reniformis luciferase is initiated;

and

in step (c), a second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction mediated by a second Photinus pyralis luciferase is initiated.

45. The method according to claim 26, further comprising the following step:

(e) subsequent to quantifying luminescence energy produced by the second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction, quenching the second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by introducing at least one second quench reagent to the second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction, wherein said at least one second quench reagent is capable of reducing photon emissions from the second enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold.

46. A method of assaying enzyme-mediated luminescence reactions within multisample assay plates comprising:

(a) initiating at least one enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction;

(b) quantifying luminescence energy produced by the luminescence reaction; and

(c) quenching the enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by introducing at least one quench reagent to the luminescence reaction;

whereby refractive interference of light between samples within the multisample assay plate is eliminated.

47. The method according to claim 46, wherein in step (a), at least one luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction is initiated.

48. An enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction assay kit comprising:

at least one quench reagent composition capable of quenching photon emission from an enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold;

a suitable first container, said at least one quench reagent composition disposed therein;

at least one functional enzyme substrate corresponding to the enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction being assayed;

a suitable second container, said at least one functional enzyme substrate disposed therein; and

instructions for use.

49. The kit according to claim 48, wherein said at least one functional enzyme substrate corresponding to the enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction being assayed is a functional luciferase substrate.

50. The kit according to claim 49, wherein said at least one quench reagent composition comprises quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

n-butanol,

trans- 1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

citric acid,

Tween®

20,

Triton®

X-100,

and mixtures thereof.

51. The kit according to claim 50, wherein said at least one quench reagent composition is at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of

Na₄ PPi and NaI;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi and iso-propanol;

APMBT and CDTA;

NaI and I₂ ;

SDS and NaI;

Tween®

20 and NaI;

Tween®

20, NaI, and n-butanol;

Triton®

X-100 and NaI;

and mixtures thereof.

52. A dual-reporter enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction assay kit comprising:

a first functional enzyme substrate corresponding to a first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction being assayed;

a suitable first container, said first functional enzyme substrate disposed therein;

a quench-and-activate composition comprising quench reagents capable of quenching photon emission from the first enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction by a factor of at least 1,000-fold, and a second and distinct functional enzyme substrate corresponding to a second and distinct enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction;

a suitable;

second container, said quench-and-activate composition disposed therein; and

instructions for use.

53. The kit according to claim 52, wherein said first functional enzyme substrate, and said second and distinct functional enzyme substrate are luciferase substrates.

54. The kit according to claim 53, wherein said quench-and-activate composition comprises one or more quench reagents selected from the group consisting of

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

n-butanol,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol,

periodate oxidized,

borohydride reduced,

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

citric acid,

Tween®

20,

Triton®

X-100,

and mixtures thereof; and

a second and distinct functional luciferase substrate selected from the group consisting of coelenterate luciferins and functional equivalents thereof, beetle luciferins and functional equivalents thereof, and mixtures thereof.

55. The kit according to claim 54, wherein said quench-and-activate composition comprises mixtures selected from the group consisting of

Na₄ PPi, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, NaI, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and coelenterazine;

APMBT, CDTA, and coelenterazine;

and mixtures thereof.

56. The kit according to claim 52, further comprising:

a second quench reagent capable of quenching photon emission from the second and distinct enzyme-mediated reaction, and

a suitable third container, said second quench reagent disposed therein.

57. Enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction quench reagents capable of reducing photon emissions from enzyme-mediated luminescence reactions comprising:

iodide,

iodine,

sulfate,

nitrate,

iso-propanol,

2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole,

dimethyldecylphosphine oxide,

pyrophosphate,

benzothiazole,

2-phenylbenzothiazole,

n-butanol,

trans-1,2,-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N'"'"',N'"'"'-tetraacetic acid,

2-(6'"'"'-hydroxy-2'"'"'-benzothiazolyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid,

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,

2(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole,

India fountain pen ink,

adenosine 5'"'"'-triphosphate 2'"'"',3'"'"'-acyclic dialcohol, periodate oxidized, borohydride reduced

sodium dodecyl sulfate,

citric acid,

Tween®

20,

Triton®

X-100,

and mixtures thereof.

58. Enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction quench reagents according to claim 57, comprising:

mixtures selected from the group consisting of

SDS and NaI;

I₂ and NaI;

Na₄ PPi and NaI;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄ ;

Na₄ PPi and APMBT;

Na₄ PPi and iso-propanol;

IFP Ink and APMBT;

APMBT and CDTA;

IFP Ink and CDTA;

IFP Ink and Na₄ PPi;

SDS and NaI;

Tween®

20 and NaI;

Tween®

20, NaI, and n-butanol;

Triton®

X-100 and NaI;

and mixtures thereof;

contained within assay-suitable solvents.

59. Enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction quench reagents according to claim 58, selected from the group consisting of SDS and NaI;

Na₄ PPi and NaI; and

Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, and Na₂ SO₄.

60. Enzyme-mediated luminescence reaction quench-and-activate reagents according to claim 58, selected from the group consisting of Na₄ PPi, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine;

and Na₄ PPi, CDTA, APMBT, Na₂ SO₄, and coelenterazine.