Method of making an optical fiber grating, and article made by the method

• US 5,745,615 A
• Filed: 10/11/1996
• Issued: 04/28/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Furukawa Electric North America Incorporated (Furukawa Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Espindola, Rolando Patricio, Atkins, Robert Michael, Simoff, Debra Ann
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Application Number:
  US08/730,531
• Time in Patent Office: 564 Days
• Field of Search: 385/10, 385/12, 385/13, 385/24, 385/31, 385/37, 385/123, 385/124, 385/128, 430/290, 430/321, 65/392, 65/425
• US Class Current: 385/37
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2006/02161 Grating written by radiation passing through the protective fibre coating
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02114 characterised by enhanced photosensitivity characteristics of the fibre, e.g. hydrogen loading, heat treatment treatment of glass fibres by ion diffusion, implantation, radiation, C03C25/60, C03C25/62
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02138 based on illuminating a phase mask
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02152 involving moving the fibre or a manufacturing element, stretching of the fibre G02B6/02147 takes precedence

Abstract

The method of making an optical fiber refractive index grating comprises writing the grating through the fiber coating. The method involves providing optical fiber of significantly higher photosensitivity than conventional fiber, such that the grating can be written before unacceptable darkening of the coating occurs. Such fiber is H₂ and/or D₂ -loaded silica-based fiber having a Ge-doped core, the fiber selected to have a germanium-oxygen deficiency center content that provides the fiber with a photosensitivity that is at least twice as large as that of an otherwise identical, conventionally prepared, optical fiber. The fiber typically is drawn from a preform, at least a portion of which was exposed to a reducing atmosphere at an elevated temperature.

Claims

1. Method of making an article comprising an optical fiber refractive index grating, the method comprising

a) providing a sensitizer-loaded silica-based optical fiber having a Ge-doped core and a longitudinal axis;

and

b) exposing the optical fiber to actinic radiation of varying intensity along the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber, the varying intensity selected such that the refractive index grating is formed in the core;

c) the optical fiber is exposed to the actinic radiation through a fiber coating; and

d) the optical fiber is selected to have a germanium-oxygen deficiency center content selected to provide the fiber with a photosensitivity that is at least twice as large as the photosensitivity of an otherwise identical, conventionally prepared, optical fiber, where "photosensitivity" is Δ

n/dose of actinic radiation, where An is the refractive index change that results from exposure of the fiber to a predetermined dose of the actinic radiation, and where the conventionally prepared optical fiber is an optical fiber that was drawn from a preform that was prepared by a method that did not comprise a step during which germanosilicate preform material is contacted with an atmosphere selected to favor reduction of Ge⁴ + to Ge² + in the preform material.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber has attenuation at 240 nm that is at least 20 dB/mm mol % Ge.

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the optical fiber has attenuation at 240 nm of 100 dB/mm mol % Ge or more.

4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the fiber coating is a photodegradable polymer coating.

5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the fiber coating is a photodegradable glass resin coating.

6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said atmosphere contains less than 10% O₂ by volume.

7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the atmosphere contains at most 4% O₂ by volume.

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the atmosphere is substantially O₂ free.

9. Method according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber refractive index grating is a Bragg-grating.

10. Method according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber refractive index grating is a long period grating.

11. Article comprising an optical fiber refractive index grating in a coated optical fiber, the fiber grating made according to the method of claim 1.

12. Article according to claim 11, wherein the article is an optical fiber communication system comprising a transmitter, a receiver, and an optical fiber transmission path signal-transmissively connecting the transmitter and receiver, wherein the transmission path comprises an erbium doped fiber amplifier comprising a pump laser that emits pump radiation of about 980 nm wavelength, said pump radiation coupled into a length of coated optical fiber that is optically connected to said transmission path, the length of optical fiber containing said optical fiber refractive index grating, the grating selected to stabilize the pump laser output.

13. Article according to claim 11, wherein the article is an optical fiber sensor for sensing a change in the temperature of the grating, or for sensing a strain in the grating.