Method for and apparatus for operating a local communications module in arbitrating for mastership of a data transfer across a back plane bus in industrial automation controller

• US 5,745,708 A
• Filed: 09/29/1995
• Issued: 04/28/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Allen-Bradley Company (Rockwell Automation, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Allen-Bradley Company (Rockwell Automation, Inc.)
• Inventors: Weppler, Robert C., Hutz, Margarita M., Cribbs, Alan C., Murphy, Timothy J., Harris, Kendal R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ray, Gopal C.
• Application Number:
  US08/536,535
• Time in Patent Office: 942 Days
• Field of Search: 395/299, 395/287, 395/303, 395/730, 395/728, 340/825.5, 370/438
• US Class Current: 710/119
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/374 using a self-select method with individual priority code comparator

Abstract

A bus structure for interconnecting the modules of an industrial automation controller includes DATA lines and associated control lines that enable interface circuits on each module to send and receive frames of data. An arbitration circuit in each module employs arbitration lines in the bus structure to conduct a two phase competition to determine which module receives the next bus mastership. The arbitration lines include a set of wired-or weight code lines and a single arbitration strobe line. Modules desiring control of the bus structure assert a local weight code onto the weight code lines and determine which module is asserting the numerically greatest local weight code. Arbitration is conducted separately on the bus structure and a winning module is ready to transfer its data frame as soon as the previous winner completes its transfer and relinquishes control of the bus structure. The winning weight code identifies both the source address of the winning module and the priority of the data frame to be sent, and is latched by all modules on the backplane bus as an arbitration vector to provide advance identification of the next module to transmit and the priority of the message.

Claims

1. A method for operating a local communications module in arbitrating for mastership of a data transfer across a backplane bus, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) asserting a wired-or arbitration strobe line on the backplane bus to initiate a competition between the local communications module and other modules connected to the backplane bus which are all contending for data transfer mastership of the backplane bus;

(b) asserting a local weight code onto a set of wired-or weight code lines on the backplane bus, the local weight code being encoded to uniquely identify the local communications module on the backplane bus;

(c) continuously examining an aggregate weight code obtained as a set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus, and determining if the local weight code is numerically less than the aggregate weight code;

(d) if the examination performed in step (c) indicates that the local weight code is numerically less than the aggregate weight code, then releasing the weight code lines and the arbitration strobe line;

(e) if the examination performed in step (c) indicates that the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code, then maintaining assertion of the local weight code on the weight code lines and maintaining assertion of the arbitration strobe line;

(f) releasing the arbitration strobe line after a predetermined time period following the assertion thereof in step (a); and

(g) monitoring for termination of the competition as indicated by release of the wired-or arbitration strobe line by all modules on the backplane bus, and thereupon latching an indication that the local communications module is awarded data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle if the continuous examination performed in step (c) indicates that the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code.

2. The method as recited in claim 1 in which the competition is conducted in two phases, wherein:

phase one of the competition is defined by a first assertion and first release of the arbitration strobe line in which a first subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines;

phase two of the competition is defined by a second assertion and second release of the arbitration strobe line in which a second subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines;

phase one is terminated by release of the wired-or arbitration strobe line by all modules on the backplane bus subsequent to said first assertion, and the local communications module participates in phase two of the competition by performing said second assertion of the arbitration strobe line only if the first subset of the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase one is terminated; and

the local communications module obtains the data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle only if the local communications module is a participant in phase two of the competition and if the second subset of the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase two is terminated.

3. The method as recited in claim 2 in which step (g) of monitoring the arbitration strobe line further includes the step of latching the set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus to form an arbitration vector, and providing the arbitration vector to data transfer circuits within the local communications module to thereby identify the module which will be the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, wherein the arbitration vector is formed as the concatenation of an intermediate value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase one of the competition, and a final value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase two of the competition.

4. The method as recited in claim 3 in which the local weight code includes a data priority value positioned as the numerically most significant part of the local weight code, and the arbitration vector thereby further identifies both the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus and the data priority value of the data to be transferred.

5. The method as recited in claim 4 which further includes the steps of:

(h) asserting a wired-or bus request line on the backplane bus to indicate that the local communications module is contending for data transfer mastership of the backplane;

(i) maintaining assertion of the wired-or bus request line and continuing to participate in competitions until the local communications module has obtained data transfer mastership of the backplane bus; and

(j) upon obtaining data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, releasing the wired-or bus request line, and prohibiting further assertion of the wired-or bus request line by the local communications module until the wired-or bus request line is released by all other modules on the backplane bus.

6. The method as recited in claim 5 in which competitions are performed in parallel with a currently ongoing data transfer on the backplane bus, and if the local communications module is awarded data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle, then exercise of said data transfer bus mastership is deferred until said currently ongoing data transfer is completed.

7. An arbitration circuit which forms a part of a local communications module for arbitrating data transfer mastership of a backplane bus, the arbitration circuit comprising:

an arbitration timing circuit for asserting a competition signal, which is connected through an open-ended driver to a wired-or arbitration strobe line on the backplane bus to initiate a competition between the local communications module and other modules connected to the backplane bus which are all contending for data transfer mastership of the backplane bus;

a comparison circuit which includes a set of open-ended drivers for asserting a local weight code onto a set of wired-or weight code lines on the backplane bus, the local weight code being encoded to uniquely identify the local communications module on the backplane bus, and in which the comparison circuit continuously compares the local weight code to an aggregate weight code obtained as a set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus, the comparison circuit activating an output signal if the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code and discontinuing assertion of the local weight code onto the weight code lines if the local weight code is numerically less than the aggregate weight code; and

a detector circuit connected to the competition signal and the output signal from the comparison circuit, the detector circuit producing an ownership signal to the local communications module to indicate award of data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle if the output signal from the comparison circuit is activated when the competition signal is deactivated.

8. The arbitration circuit as recited in claim 7 in which the competition signal comprises two phases, wherein phase one is defined by a first assertion and first release of the arbitration strobe line in which a first subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines, and phase two is defined by a second assertion and second release of the arbitration strobe line in which a second subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines, wherein phase one is terminated by release of the wired-or arbitration strobe line by all modules on the backplane bus subsequent to said first assertion, and the local communications module participates in phase two of the competition by performing said second assertion of the arbitration strobe line only if the first subset of the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase one is terminated, and wherein the output signal is activated only if the local communications module is a participant in phase two of the competition and if the second subset of the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase two is terminated.

9. The arbitration circuit as recited in claim 8 in which the arbitration circuit includes a latch for latching the set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus to form an arbitration vector as the concatenation of an intermediate value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase one of the competition, and a final value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase two of the competition, wherein the latch is connected to provide the arbitration vector to data transfer circuits within the local communications module to thereby identify the module which will be the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus.

10. The arbitration circuit as recited in claim 9 in which the local weight code includes a data priority value positioned as the numerically most significant part of the local weight code, and the arbitration vector thereby further identifies both the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus and the data priority value of the data to be transferred.

11. The arbitration circuit as recited in claim 10 in which the arbitration circuit includes an arbitration enable circuit for asserting a wired-or bus request line on the backplane bus to indicate that the local communications module is contending for data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, wherein the arbitration enable circuit maintains assertion of the wired-or bus request line and continues to participate in competitions until the local communications module has obtained data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, and in which the arbitration enable circuit includes a latch which is set upon obtaining data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, wherein once the latch becomes set, the arbitration enable circuit releases the wired-or bus request line and prohibits further assertion of the wired-or bus request line by the local communications module until the wired-or bus request line is released by all other modules on the backplane bus, at which time the latch is reset and the local communications module is once again permitted to contend for data transfer mastership of the backplane bus.

12. The arbitration circuit as recited in claim 11 in which competitions are performed in parallel with a currently ongoing data transfer on the backplane bus, and if the local communications module is awarded data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle, then exercise of said data transfer bus mastership is deferred until said currently ongoing data transfer is completed.

13. A method for establishing data transfer bus mastership amongst a plurality of modules connected to a backplane bus, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) asserting a wired-or arbitration strobe line on the backplane bus by one or more of said plurality of modules which are contending for data transfer bus mastership;

(b) asserting a local weight code onto a set of wired-or weight code lines on the backplane bus by each of said modules which are contending for data transfer bus mastership, the local weight code being encoded by each separate module to uniquely identify said each separate module on the backplane bus;

(c) continuously examining an aggregate weight code obtained as a set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus by each of said modules which are asserting their respective local weight codes, wherein each of said modules separately determine if the respective local weight code is numerically less than the aggregate weight code;

(d) releasing assertion of the arbitration strobe line and local weight codes by each of said modules which are contending for data transfer bus mastership if the examination performed in step (c) indicates that the respective local weight code is numerically less than the aggregate weight code;

(e) maintaining assertion of the arbitration strobe line and the local weight code on the weight code lines by each of said modules which are contending for data transfer bus mastership if the examination performed in step (c) indicates that the local weight code is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code;

(f) releasing the arbitration strobe line after a predetermined time period following the assertion thereof in step (a) by each of said modules which are continuing assertion of the arbitration strobe line and local weight codes; and

(g) when the wired-or arbitration strobe line is released by all modules on the backplane bus to terminate the competition, latching an indication that the data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle is awarded within the single module which asserted the numerically highest local weight code and thus was the only module remaining in the competition at the end thereof.

14. The method as recited in claim 13 in which the competition is conducted in two phases, wherein:

phase one of the competition is defined by a first assertion and first release of the arbitration strobe line in which a first subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines;

phase two of the competition is defined by a second assertion and second release of the arbitration strobe line in which a second subset of the local weight code is applied to the wired-or weight code lines;

phase one is terminated by release of the wired-or arbitration strobe line subsequent to said first assertion by all modules participating in the competition, and only those modules which were asserting a first subset of the local weight code which was numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase one is terminated participate in phase two of the competition by performing said second assertion of the arbitration strobe line; and

data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle is awarded to the single module which is a participant in phase two of the competition and is asserting the second subset of the local weight code which is numerically at least as great as the aggregate weight code when phase two is terminated.

15. The method as recited in claim 14 in which every module on the backplane bus, including modules not participating in the competition, further include the step of latching the set of actual logic levels appearing on the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus to form an arbitration vector, and providing the arbitration vector to data transfer circuits within the respective module to thereby identify the module which will be the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus, wherein the arbitration vector is formed as the concatenation of an intermediate value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase one of the competition, and a final value latched from the wired-or weight code lines of the backplane bus at the termination of phase two of the competition.

16. The method as recited in claim 15 in which the local weight code includes a data priority value positioned as the numerically most significant part of the local weight code, and the arbitration vector thereby further identifies both the next module to obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus and the data priority value of the data to be transferred.

17. The method as recited in claim 16 which further includes the steps of:

(h) asserting a wired-or bus request line on the backplane bus by each module which is contending for data transfer mastership of the backplane;

(i) maintaining assertion of the wired-or bus request line and continuing to participate in subsequent competitions by each module which does not obtain data transfer mastership of the backplane bus; and

(j) upon obtaining data transfer mastership of the backplane bus by a competition winning module, releasing the wire-or bus request line, and prohibiting further assertion of the wired-or bus request line by the competition winning module until the wired-or bus request line is released by all other modules on the backplane bus.

18. The method as recited in claim 17 in which competitions are performed in parallel with a currently ongoing data transfer on the backplane bus, and if the competition winning module is awarded data transfer bus mastership for a succeeding data transfer cycle, the exercise of said data transfer bus mastership is deferred until said currently ongoing data transfer is completed.