Method of forming three-dimensional articles using thermosetting materials

• US 5,749,041 A
• Filed: 10/13/1995
• Issued: 05/05/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3D Systems, Inc. (3D Systems Corporation)
• Original Assignee: DTM Corporation (3D Systems Corporation)
• Inventors: Booth, Richard B., Lakshminarayan, Udaykumar, McAlea, Kevin P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jenkins, Daniel J.
• Application Number:
  US08/542,977
• Time in Patent Office: 935 Days
• Field of Search: 419/36, 419/37, 419/35, 419/38, 419/2, 419/29, 419/54, 419/55
• US Class Current: 419/2
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/10 Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/108 Mixtures obtained by warm mixing
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/10 Formation of a green body
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/20 Direct sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/60 Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/15 Use of fluidised beds
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2998/10 Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/1021 Removal of binder or filler removal of binder from ceramics C04B35/638
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/26 Impregnating making ferrous alloys by impregnation C22C33/0242
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 Products made by additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/622 Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/64 Burning or sintering processes C04B33/32 takes precedence ; powder metallurgy B22F
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

A method of fabricating articles, such as prototype parts and prototype tooling for injection molding, is disclosed. The method begins with the fabrication of the article in a "green" state by the selective laser sintering, or another additive thermal process, applied to a composite powder, preferably a powder of metal particles coated with a thermoplastic polymer. Both the green article and also an aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting material are then preheated to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer, and the green article is then infiltrated with the aqueous emulsion. The thermosetting material may be a thermosetting polymer with an appropriate cross-linking agent, or may be a cross-linking agent that will react with the thermoplastic binder polymer. After infiltration, the article is dried, and a rigid skeleton of a thermosetting material is now present within the structure of the article. Further processing may now be performed. The article may be heated beyond the decomposition temperature of the polymers so as to drive off the polymer and sinter the metal particles to one another; alternatively, a resin may be added to the article to form a metal-polymer composite article. High strength articles may thus be formed in a manner which preserves the dimensional accuracy of the article relative to its CAD representation.

Claims

1. A method of fabricating an article, comprising the steps of:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting polymer material; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

after the drying step, heating the article to a first temperature to decompose the polymer binder.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composite powder further comprises metal particles;

and wherein the heating step further comprises heating the article to a second temperature, above the first temperature, to sinter the metal particles to one another.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the aqueous emulsion comprises:

a thermosetting polymer; and

a cross-linking agent for cross-liking the thermosetting polymer.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

after the heating step, impregnating the article with a metal.

6. A method of fabricating an article, comprising the steps of:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion comprising a cross-linking agent for cross-linking the thermoplastic polymer binder; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

after the drying step, heating the article to decompose the polymer binder.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

after the drying step, impregnating the article with a polymer resin; and

curing the resin.

9. A method of fabricating an article, comprising the steps of:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

preheating the aqueous emulsion;

after the preheating step, infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting material; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

10. A method of fabricating an article, comprising the steps of:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

preheating the green article to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polymer binder;

after the preheating step, infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting material; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

prior to the infiltrating step, preheating the aqueous emulsion to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polymer binder.

12. An article fabricated by the process comprising:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion comprising a thermosetting polymer and a cross-linking agent for cross-linking the thermosetting polymer; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

13. The article of claim 12, wherein the process further comprises:

after the drying step, heating the article to a first temperature to decompose the polymer binder.

14. The article of claim 13, wherein the composite powder further comprises metal particles;

and wherein the heating step further comprises heating the article to a second temperature, above the first temperature, to sinter the metal particles to one another.

15. The article of claim 14, wherein the process further comprises:

after the heating step, impregnating the article with a second metal.

16. An article fabricated by the process comprising:

forming a green article by the selective sintering of a composite metal powder having a thermoplastic polymer binder;

infiltrating the green article with an aqueous emulsion of a cross-linking agent for cross-linking the thermoplastic polymer binder; and

drying the infiltrated green article.

17. The article of claim 16, wherein the process further comprises:

after the drying step, impregnating the article with a polymer resin; and

curing the resin.