Fiber bale composite structural building system

• US 5,749,199 A
• Filed: 09/19/1996
• Issued: 05/12/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: BALE Built Incorporated
• Original Assignee: BALE Built Incorporated
• Inventors: Allen, Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): STEPHAN, BETH A
• Application Number:
  US08/715,994
• Time in Patent Office: 600 Days
• Field of Search: 52/690, 52/639, 52/729.1, 52/729.2, 52/729.3, 52/729.4, 52/729.5, 52/DIG. 9
• US Class Current: 52/837
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/3555 Constructions using straw bales
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 2002/0243 Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 2002/0245 Pegs or pins
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 2002/0254 Tie rods
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 5/00 Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor elements for floors, e.g. bricks, stones, filling bodies, girders, E04C; flooring as finishing work, insulation of flooring, sectional false floors, e.g. for computers E04F15/00
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 7/02 with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs E04B7/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 1/40 built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 2/18 with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 3/28 of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 3/29 built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 52/09 Structure including reclaimed component, e.g. trash

Abstract

Straw bales are used in conjunction with a skeletal framework to form various structurally stable building components such as walls and floors. Straw bales and horizontal trussing members are combined to form a truss. The truss has of a pair of trussing members operatively connected to one or more bales. The trussing members, which are positioned opposite one another along the edges of the bale, form the chords of the truss. The bales form the web of the truss. The trussing members are one of the basic components of the skeletal framework used to construct the various composite structures embodying the invention. In the composite structures, straw bales are arranged in layers within a skeletal framework. The skeletal framework includes the trussing members and a series of rods positioned along the center line of the layered bales. The trussing members in each pair are positioned opposite one another along the edges of the bales at the interfaces between the layers of bales. Each trussing member is operatively connected to the bales to form a truss.

Claims

1. A truss having chord members and a web member, comprising:

a. a bale; and

b. a pair of trussing members operatively connected to the bale so that the trussing members form the chord members of the truss and the bale forms the web member of the truss.

2. A truss, comprising:

a. a bale; and

b. a pair of trussing members, each trussing member in the pair operatively connected to the bale and positioned opposite another trussing member along an edge of the bale.

3. The truss according to claim 2, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bale and thereby operatively connect each trussing member to the bale.

4. The truss according to claim 2, further comprising a plurality of cross ties extending between the trussing members at substantially right angles.

5. A truss, comprising:

a. a pair of bales arranged so that each bale has a surface adjacent to a surface of another bale, the adjacent surfaces thereby defining an interface between the bales; and

b. a pair of trussing members, each trussing member in the pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite another trussing member along the interface between the bales.

6. The truss according to claim 5, further comprising projections projecting from the trussing members to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members to the bales.

7. The truss according to claim 5, further comprising a plurality of cross ties extending between the trussing members at substantially right angles.

8. In a composite structural building system having a plurality of bales arranged in layers within a skeletal framework, the skeletal framework comprising:

a. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at interfaces between the layers; and

b. a plurality of rods positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members.

9. In a wall system having a plurality of bales stacked in layers in a vertical plane within a skeletal framework, the skeletal framework comprising:

a. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layered bales; and

b. a plurality of rods oriented vertically and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members.

10. The skeletal framework according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of cross ties oriented horizontally, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members.

11. The skeletal framework according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of tie straps extending lengthwise along horizontal interfaces between layers of bales, each tie strap operatively coupled to at least two rods.

12. The skeletal framework according to claim 9, further comprising a plurality of shear plates oriented horizontally and operatively connected between at least some of the rods and the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layers.

13. The skeletal framework according to claim 9, further comprising a header connected across a top end of the rods.

14. The skeletal framework according to claim 9, further comprising projections projecting from the trussing members to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members and the bales.

15. The skeletal framework according to claim 12, further comprising projections projecting from the shear plates to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the shear plates to the bales.

16. In a plank system having a plurality of bales arranged in layers in a horizontal plane within a skeletal framework, the skeletal framework comprising:

a. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at interfaces between the layered bales; and

b. a plurality of rods oriented horizontally and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members.

17. The skeletal framework according to claim 16, further comprising a plurality of struts oriented vertically, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members.

18. The skeletal framework according to claim 16, further comprising web ties attached to and extending diagonally between opposing trussing members at points of intersection of trussing members and struts.

19. The skeletal framework according to claim 16, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members and the bales.

20. The skeletal framework according to claim 16, further comprising a plurality of bearing support members attached to and extending away from an end of at least some of the trussing members for connecting the framework to an external structure.

21. The skeletal framework according to claim 20, further comprising a plurality of shear ties attached to and extending diagonally between bearing support members and the attached trussing members.

22. In a beam system having a plurality of bales stacked in layers in a vertical plane within a skeletal framework, the skeletal framework comprising:

a. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layered bales;

b. a plurality of rods oriented vertically and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members;

c. a plurality of cross ties oriented horizontally, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members; and

d. a plurality of web ties attached to and extending diagonally between trussing members, each web tie spanning at least one layer of bales.

23. The skeletal framework according to claim 22, further comprising a plurality of tie straps extending lengthwise along horizontal interfaces between layers of bales, each tie strap operatively coupled to at least two rods.

24. The skeletal framework according to claim 22, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members and the bales.

25. The skeletal framework according to claim 22, further comprising a plurality of shear plates oriented horizontally and operatively connected between at least some of the rods and the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layers.

26. The skeletal framework according to claim 25, further comprising projections projecting from each shear plate to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the shear plates to the bales.

27. A wall system, comprising:

a. a plurality of bales stacked in layers in a vertical plane;

b. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layered bales; and

c. a plurality of rods oriented vertically and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members.

28. The wall system according to claim 27, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members to the bales.

29. The wall system according to claim 27, further comprising a plurality of cross ties oriented horizontally, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members.

30. The wall system according to claim 27, further comprising a plurality of tie straps extending lengthwise along horizontal interfaces between layers of bales, each tie strap operatively coupled to at least two rods.

31. The wall system according to claim 27, further comprising a plurality of shear plates oriented horizontally and operatively connected between the bales and at least some of the rods at horizontal interfaces between the layers.

32. The wall system according to claim 27, further comprising a header connected across a top end of the rods.

33. A wall system according to claim 31, further comprising projections projecting from each shear plate to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the shear plates to the bales.

34. A plank system, comprising:

a. a plurality of bales arranged in layers in a horizontal plane;

b. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at interfaces between the layered bales; and

c. a plurality of rods oriented horizontally and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members.

35. The plank system according to claim 34, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members to the bales.

36. The plank system according to claim 34, further comprising a plurality of struts oriented vertically, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members.

37. The plank system according to claim 34, further comprising web ties attached to and extending diagonally between opposing trussing members at points of intersection of trussing members and struts.

38. The plank system according to claim 34, further comprising a plurality of bearing support members attached to and extending away from an end of at least some of the trussing members for connecting the plank system to an external structure.

39. The plank system according to claim 34, further comprising a plurality of shear ties attached to and extending diagonally between bearing support members and the attached trussing members.

40. A beam system, comprising:

a. a plurality of bales stacked in layers in a vertical plane;

b. a plurality of trussing members arranged in pairs, the trussing members in each pair operatively connected to the bales and positioned opposite one another along edges of the bales at horizontal interfaces between the layered bales;

c. a plurality of rods oriented vertically and positioned along the layered bales between opposing trussing members;

d. a plurality of cross ties oriented horizontally, operatively coupled to the rods and extending between opposing trussing members; and

e. a plurality of web ties attached to and extending diagonally between trussing members, each web tie spanning at least one layer of bales.

41. The beam system according to claim 40, further comprising projections projecting from each trussing member to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the trussing members to the bales.

42. The beam system according to claim 40, further comprising a plurality of tie straps extending lengthwise along horizontal interfaces between layers of bales, each tie strap operatively coupled to at least two rods.

43. The beam system according to claim 40, further comprising a plurality of shear plates oriented horizontally and operatively connected between the bales and at least some of the rods at horizontal interfaces between the layers.

44. The beam system according to claim 43, further comprising projections projecting from each shear plate to penetrate the bales and thereby operatively connect the shear plates to the bales.