Satellite positioning system antenna supporting tripod

• US 5,749,549 A
• Filed: 12/29/1995
• Issued: 05/12/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Topcon GPS, LLC
• Original Assignee: Javad Positioning, LLC
• Inventors: Ashjaee, Javad
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramirez, Ramon O.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERRY JR, WILLIE WENDELL
• Application Number:
  US08/578,169
• Time in Patent Office: 865 Days
• Field of Search: 248/163.2, 248/432, 248/177.1, 248/178.1, 248/180.1, 248/183.1, 248/168, 343/882, 343/765
• US Class Current: 248/168
• CPC Class Codes: F16M 11/14 with ball-joint ball-jointed hinges F16C11/06 ; adjustable mountings employing universal joints for lighting devices F21V21/26 - F21V21/30
• CPC Class Codes: F16M 11/16 Details concerning attachment of head-supporting legs, with or without actuation of locking members thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F16M 11/2014 around a vertical axis F16M11/2035 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F16M 11/2092 comprising means allowing depth adjustment, i.e. forward-backward translation of the head relatively to the undercarriage
• CPC Class Codes: F16M 11/32 Undercarriages for supports with three or more telescoping legs
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 15/00 Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/35 Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/1235 Collapsible supports; Means for erecting a rigid antenna
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/125 Means for positioning
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/18 Means for stabilising antennas on an unstable platform

Abstract

A portable geodetic surveying station is disclosed which utilizes a GPS antenna attached to the top portion of a surveyor'"'"'s stake, or other type monopod. By positioning the bottom portion of the monopod directly upon a desired ground location, and adjusting the angular position of the monopod so that it is precisely vertical, the GPS antenna may be quickly and accurately positioned level and directly above the desired ground location. Additionally, because the monopod has a known, fixed length, the height of the GPS antenna above the desired ground location will always be a constant, and will not vary from one survey point to the next. The GPS antenna and monopod are designed to be used in conjunction with a newly designed geodetic surveying tripod which can be quickly and conveniently set up to support the monopod in its vertical position directly above the desired ground location. The tripod of the present invention includes a tripod head which comprises a base platform, a first housing slidably mounted on the platform to permit the first housing to move along a first directional path, and a second housing slidably mounted within the first housing to permit the second housing to move along a second directional path, generally orthogonal to the first directional path. Mounted pivotally within the second housing is a gimbal which includes a central cavity for receiving the shaft of the monopod. The gimbal allows the angular position of the monopod and GPS antenna to be adjusted independently of the angular position tripod platform.

Claims

1. A tripod head for adjusting and securing a position of a surveyor'"'"'s rod, the rod defining a longitudinal axis having an angular position Θ

x relative to an x-axis in a horizontal plane and an angular position Θ

y relative to a y-axis in said horizontal plane, said head comprising;

a base platform connectable to a plurality of support legs, said platform defining a central opening therein and including at least one slot defining a path;

a first housing slidably mounted on said platform, said first housing defining a first central cavity therein, said first housing including at least one guiding and locking member mating with said slot for guiding the sliding motion of said first housing along the path defined by said at least one slot, and for locking said first housing into a first desired position relative to said platform;

a second housing slidably mounted within said first central cavity of said first housing, said second housing defining a second central cavity therein, said second housing including a second locking member for locking said second housing into a second desired position relative to said first housing; and

gimbal means pivotally disposed within said second central cavity of said second housing for retaining said rod and for enabling at least one angular position of the rod to be adjusted to a desired position, said second locking means releasably engaging said gimbal means for locking said gimbal means and the rod into said desired angular position.

2. The tripod head of claim 1 wherein said gimbal means enables both the Θ

x and Θ

y angular positions of the rod to be adjusted without requiring adjustment of the positions of either said first housing or said second housing.

3. The tripod head of claim 2 wherein said gimbal means includes a substantially spherically-shaped ring having a central cavity for receiving said rod.

4. The tripod head of claim 2 wherein said gimbal means includes a substantially spherical C-shaped ring having a central cavity for receiving said rod.

5. The tripod head of claim 1 wherein said second locking means includes a first tightening screw extending through a slot in said first housing and extending through and engaging with a threaded aperture in said second housing, said first screw releasably engaging against said gimbal means to simultaneously lock the respective positions of both said gimbal means and said second housing means.

6. The tripod head of claim 5 wherein said at least one guiding and locking member includes a second tightening screw extending through said first housing and said slot, said second screw releasably tightening said first housing against said platform to lock the position of said first housing.

7. The tripod head of claim 1 wherein said second locking means includes a first tightening screw extending through a slot in said first housing and extending through and engaging with a threaded aperture in said second housing, said first screw releasably engaging against said gimbal means to simultaneously lock the position of said gimbal means, the position of said second housing means, and a vertical position of the rod.

8. The tripod head of claim 1 wherein said first housing is slidably movable along a first path which is substantially parallel or concentric with the path defined by said slot, and wherein said second housing is slidably movable along a second path which is substantially orthogonal to said first path.

9. The tripod head of claim 8 wherein said slot defines an arcuate path, and wherein a distal end of said first housing is pivotally attached to said platform, said distal end being at an opposing end of said first housing relative to said guiding and locking member.

10. A tripod head for adjusting and securing a position of surveyor'"'"'stake, the stake defining a longitudinal axis having an angular position Θ

x relative to an x-axis in a horizontal plane and an angular position Θ

y relative to a y-axis in said horizontal plane, said head comprising;

a base platform hingedly connectable to a plurality of support legs;

a first housing slidably mounted on said platform to permit said first housing to move along a first directional path;

a second housing slidably mounted within said first housing to permit said second housing to move along a second directional path; and

a gimbal pivotally mounted within said second housing to permit said gimbal to pivot about both the x-axis and y-axis, said gimbal including a central cavity therein for receiving said stake; and

wherein said first directional path is substantially orthogonal to said second directional path.

11. A tripod head for adjusting and securing a position of a surveyor'"'"'s stake, the stake defining a longitudinal axis having an angular position Θ

x relative to an x-axis in a horizontal plane and an angular position Θ

y relative to a y-axis in said horizontal plane, said head comprising;

a base platform hingedly connectable to a plurality of support legs;

a first housing slidably mounted on said platform to permit said first housing to move along a first directional path;

a second housing slidably mounted within said first housing to permit said second housing to move along a second directional path;

a gimbal pivotally mounted within said second housing to permit said gimbal to pivot about both the x-axis and y-axis, said gimbal including a central cavity therein for receiving said stake; and

a first locking screw for simultaneously, releasably locking a position of said second housing relative to said first housing and locking an angular position of said gimbal.

12. The tripod head of claim 11 further comprising a second locking screw for releasably locking a position of said first housing relative to said platform.

13. The tripod head of claim 11 wherein said gimbal is a substantially spherically-shaped ring.

14. The tripod head of claim 11 wherein said gimbal is a substantially spherical C-shaped ring.

15. The tripod head of claim 11 wherein said first locking screw further releasably locks a vertical position of said stake while said stake is inserted through said gimbal.

16. A portable survey station for geodetic surveying comprising:

a surveyor'"'"'s stake having an upper end and a lower end, said stake being a predetermined length;

an SATPS antenna attached to the upper end of said stake; and

a tripod having a tripod head and at least three legs hingedly connected at their upper ends to said tripod head, said tripod head including a base platform, a first housing slidably mounted on said platform to permit said first housing to move along a first directional path, a second housing slidably mounted within said first housing to permit said second housing to move along a second directional path, and gimbal pivotally mounted within said second housing to permit said gimbal to pivot about both an x-axis and y-axis, said gimbal including a central cavity therein for receiving said stake.

17. The station of claim 16 wherein each of said tripod legs is independently adjustably in length.

18. The station of claim 16 further including a level releasably attachable to said stake for providing readings related to an angular position of said stake.

19. The tripod head of claim 16 further comprising a first locking screw for simultaneously, releasably locking a position of said second housing relative to said first housing and locking an angular position of said gimbal.

20. The tripod head of claim 19 further comprising a second locking screw for releasably locking a position of said first housing relative to said platform.

21. The tripod head of claim 19 wherein said first locking screw further releasably locks a vertical position of said stake.

22. A method for performing geodetic surveying comprising:

(a) mounting an SATPS antenna onto surveyor'"'"'s stake having a predetermined length;

(b) positioning a tripod generally over a desired spot on the ground, said tripod including a tripod head and a plurality of tripod legs, said tripod head including a base platform, a first housing slidably mounted on said platform to permit said first housing to move along a first directional path, a second housing slidably mounted within said first housing to permit said second housing to move along a second directional path, and a gimbal pivotally mounted within said second housing to permit said gimbal to pivot about both an x-axis and y-axis, said gimbal including a recess for receiving said stake;

(c) inserting said stake through said gimbal recess;

(d) adjusting the position and angle of the stake to ensure that said SATPS antenna is level and located at a predetermined height directly above said spot, said predetermined height being directly related to the predetermined length of said stake, wherein said adjusting step includes the steps of;

(i) adjusting a lateral position of said stake by sliding said first and second housings; and

(ii) adjusting an angular position of said stake by pivoting said gimbal;

(e) locking the position of said first housing relative to said platform by tightening a first screw located on said tripod head; and

(f) simultaneously locking the position of said second housing relative to said first housing and locking the angular position of said gimbal by tightening a second screw located on said tripod head.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:

(g) determining global positional coordinates of said SATPS antenna using information derived from a plurality of SATPS satellites; and

(h) determining the global positional coordinates of said spot based upon said SATPS antenna coordinates and said predetermined height.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein said adjusting step (d) further includes the step of adjusting the vertical position of said stake to ensure that said SATPS antenna is located at said predetermined height above said spot, and wherein said locking step (f) further includes the step of locking the vertical position of said stake by tightening said second screw.

25. An instrument positioning and support assembly comprising:

a base platform securable to a support means for supporting said platform at a fixed position above a surface; and

a base positioning assembly movably attached to said platform for providing a pivot assembly at least two dimensional freedom of motion in a plane;

said pivot assembly pivotally attached to said base positioning assembly for providing at least partial freedom of rotation about at least two orthogonal axes; and

wherein said base positioning assembly includes a first housing slidably mounted on said platform to permit said first housing top move along a first directional path, and a second housing slidably mounted within said first housing to permit said second housing to move along a second directional path; and

wherein said pivot assembly includes a gimbal pivotally mounted within said second housing to permit said gimbal to pivot about both an x-axis and a y-axis.

26. The assembly of claim 25 further comprising means for securing the instrument to the pivot assembly;

said base positioning assembly providing said instrument two dimensional freedom of motion in a plane to thereby adjust a lateral position of said instrument;

said pivot assembly providing at least partial freedom of rotation of the instrument about two orthogonal axes to thereby adjust an angular position of said instrument.

27. The assembly of claim 26 wherein said pivot assembly includes means for adjusting and releasably securing a position of said instrument along an axis which is orthogonal to said plane.