Multimedia direct access storage device and formatting method

• US 5,751,883 A
• Filed: 05/30/1997
• Issued: 05/12/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Echostar Technologies LLC (Echostar Corporation)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Ottesen, Hal Hjalmar, Van Leeuwen, George Willard, Smith, Gordon J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Tommy P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VINCENT, DAVID ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US08/866,377
• Time in Patent Office: 347 Days
• Field of Search: 386/125, 386/126, 386/45, 386/27, 386/33, 386/37, 386/109, 348/7, 348/8, 348/13, 369/44.37, 369/94, 369/109, 369/32, 369/30, 369/33, 369/34, 711/112, 711/114
• US Class Current: 386/345
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1217 on discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2020/1062 Data buffering arrangements, e.g. recording or playback buffers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/41 Flat as opposed to hierarchical combination, e.g. library of tapes or discs, CD changer, or groups of record carriers that together store one title
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/415 Redundant array of inexpensive disks [RAID] systems
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/034 on discs G11B27/036, G11B27/038 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/105 of operating discs
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/21 Server components or server architectures
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2225 Local VOD servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23 Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/42646 for reading from or writing on a non-volatile solid state storage medium, e.g. DVD, CD-ROM
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4312 involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4314 for fitting data in a restricted space on the screen, e.g. EPG data in a rectangular grid
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/432 Content retrieval operation from a local storage medium, e.g. hard-disk details of retrieval of video data and associated meta data in video databases G06F16/739
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4325 by playing back content from the storage medium reproduction of recorded television signals H04N5/76; reproduction of recorded television signals H04N9/79
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4331 Caching operations, e.g. of an advertisement for later insertion during playback
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4334 Recording operations recording of a television signal H04N5/76; arrangements for recording or accumulating broadcast information or broadcast-related information H04H60/27
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/443 OS processes, e.g. booting an STB, implementing a Java virtual machine in an STB or power management in an STB
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47202 for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8456 by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/781 on disks or drums
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/783 : Adaptations for reproducing at a rate different from the recording rate
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17318 : Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17336 : Handling of requests in head-ends
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/24 : Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation H04N21/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 70/476 : Free end only engaged

Abstract

A multimedia direct access storage device and a method for transferring source program signals representative of a compressed digital multimedia program to and from the direct access storage device are disclosed. A multimedia program is transmitted from a multimedia server as a custom ordered series of discrete program segments and received by the multimedia direct access storage device, which buffers the compressed program segments for subsequent presentation on a local display monitor. The multimedia direct access storage device is preferably incorporated as a component of a local set-top control system for buffering a predetermined number of compressed program segments received from the multimedia server, some of which may be non-sequentially ordered and others of which may be sequentially ordered. A novel formatting methodology provides for the sequential presentation of the program segments asynchronously distributed on one or more data storage disks disposed in the direct access storage device. A user-definable presentation control window for performing local VCR-type presentation control functions for the portion of a multimedia program buffered in the direct access storage device is also provided through the novel formatting methodology. The novel formatting methodology also provides concurrent presentation and buffering of program segments received from the multimedia server for on-demand viewing of a selected multimedia program.

Claims

1. A direct access storage device for buffering at least a chronological portion of a multimedia program defined by non-chronologically ordered source program segments, each of the source program segments being representative of a unique portion of the chronological multimedia program portion, the direct access storage device comprising:

at least one data storage disk having a plurality of data storing regions disposed on any of a lower disk surface and an upper disk surface, the plurality of data storing regions defining a presentation control window buffer;

a spindle motor for rotating the at least one data storage disk;

an actuator having elongated arms;

a transducer disposed on each of the elongated arms; and

a controller that coordinates writing of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments to the presentation control window buffer and coordinates reading of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments from the presentation control window buffer as chronologically ordered local program segments, the controller coordinating writing of the source program segments to the presentation control window buffer in accordance with the equations;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">SC=D×

M×

L×

S0; and

PTD=D×

M×

L×

T0;

where;

SC is defined as a nominal storage capacity used for supporting the presentation control window buffer in megabytes;

D is defined as a number of data storage disk surfaces used for supposing the presentation control window buffer,

M is defined as a number of segment blocks per data storage disk surface used for supporting the presentation control window buffer,

L is defined as a length of each segment block as measured by the number of source program segments;

S0 is defined as an average size of each of the source program segments in megabytes;

PTD is defined as a duration of the presentation control window buffer in seconds; and

T0 is defined as a decompressed full-motion program time in seconds corresponding to each of the source program segments.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the at least one data storage disk includes an upper data storing region disposed on the upper disk surface and a lower data storing region disposed on the lower disk surface, the upper and lower data storing regions defining the presentation control window buffer; and

the controller coordinates writing of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments to the upper and lower data storing regions, and coordinates reading of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments from the upper and lower data storing regions as the chronologically ordered local program segments.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the at least one data storage disk includes an upper data storing region disposed on the upper disk surface and a lower data storing region disposed on the lower disk surface, the upper and lower data storing regions defining the presentation control window buffer; and

the controller coordinates writing of a predetermined number of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments to the upper and lower data storing regions, and coordinates reading of the predetermined number of non-chronologically ordered source program segments from the upper and lower data storing regions as the chronologically ordered local program segments.

4. A system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predetermined number of the source program segments is a number less than a number of source program segments defining the entirety of the multimedia program.

5. A system as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the predetermined number of the source program segments is overwritten by a subsequently written source program segment on a first-written-first-read basis.

6. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller, in response to either one of a forward and a reverse presentation control signal, respectively coordinates forward chronological and reversed chronological reading of the source program segments from the presentation control window buffer.

7. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source program segments are arranged in a plurality of packs, and the controller coordinates writing of the source program segments arranged in consecutive packets of the plurality of packets alternately to the plurality of data storing regions.

8. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one data storage disk comprises:

a first spiral data track disposed on either one of the lower and upper disk surfaces; and

a second spiral data track disposed on the other one of the lower and upper disk surfaces.

9. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one data storage disk comprises:

a data band defining the presentation control window buffer;

an inner spiral diameter location and an outer spiral diameter location defined within the data band;

a first spiral data tack disposed on either one of the lower and upper disk surfaces;

a second spiral data track disposed on the other one of the lower and upper disk surfaces; and

the controller coordinates the progressive movement of the actuator substantially along the first spiral data tack until either one of the inner and outer spiral diameter locations is reached, and coordinates the progressive movement of the actuator substantially along the second spiral data track until the other one of the inner and outer spiral diameter locations is reached.

10. A system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the controller coordinates writing of at least one source program segment from a first transducer to the first spiral data track during a single progression of the actuator between the inner and outer spiral diameter locations, and coordinates reading of at least one previously written source program segment from the first spiral data track by the fist transducer during the single progression of the actuator between the inner and outer spiral diameter locations.

11. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source program segments written to and read from the data storing regions are compressed program segments.

12. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the source program segments includes chronologically and non-chronologically ordered program segments; and

the controller coordinates writing of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments to the presentation control window buffer, and coordinates reading of the non-chronologically ordered source program segments from the presentation control window buffer as chronologically ordered local program segments.

22. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the controller coordinates writing of at least one source program segment from a first transducer to the first spiral data track during a single progression of the actuator between the inner and outer spiral diameter locations, and coordinates reading of at least one previously written source program segment from the first spiral data track by the first transducer during the single progression of the actuator between the inner and outer spiral diameter locations.

13. A direct access storage device for buffering at least a portion of a multimedia program defined by source program segments, each of the source program segments being representative of a unique portion of the multimedia program portion, the direct access storage device comprising:

at least one data storage disk having a plurality of data storing regions disposed on any of a lower disk surface and an upper disk surface;

a spindle motor for rotating the at least one data storage disk;

an actuator;

a transducer disposed on the actuator; and

a controller that coordinates writing of the source program segments to the plurality of data storing regions so as to define a presentation control window buffer, the source program segments being formatted in the presentation control window buffer in accordance with the equations;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">SC=D×

M×

L×

S0; and

PTD=D×

M×

L×

T0;

where;

SC is defined as a nominal storage capacity used for supporting the presentation control window buffer in megabytes;

D is defined as a number of data storage disk surfaces used for supporting the presentation control window buffer;

M is defined as a number of segment blocks per data storage disk surface used for supporting the presentation control window buffer;

L is defined as a length of each segment block as measured by the number of source program segments;

S0 is defined as an average size of each of the source program, segments in megabytes;

PTD is defined as a duration of the presentation control window buffer in seconds; and

T0 is defined as a decompressed full-motion program time in seconds corresponding to each of the source program segments.

14. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein:

the at least one data storage disk includes an upper data storing region disposed on the upper disk surface and a lower data storing region disposed on the lower disk surface, the upper and lower data storing regions defining the presentation control window buffer; and

the controller coordinates writing of the source program segments to the upper and lower data storing regions, and coordinates reading of the source program segments from the upper and lower data storing regions as sequentially ordered local program segments.

15. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein:

the at least one data storage disk includes an upper data storing region disposed on the upper disk surface and a lower data storing region disposed on the lower disk surface, the upper and lower data storing regions defining the presentation control window buffer; and

the controller coordinates writing of a predetermined number of the source program segments to the upper and lower data storing regions, and coordinates reading of the predetermined number of source program segments from the upper and lower data storing regions as the sequentially ordered local program segments.

16. A system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the predetermined number of the source program segments is a number less than number of source program segments defining the entirety of the multimedia program.

17. A system as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of the predetermined number of the source program segment is overwritten by a subsequently written source program segment on a first-written-first-read basis.

18. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the controller, in response to either one of a forward and a reverse presentation control signal, respectively coordinates forward sequential and reversed sequential reading of the source program segments from the presentation control window buffer.

19. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the source program segments are arranged in a plurality of packets, and the controller coordinates writing of the source program segments arranged in consecutive packets of the plurality of packets alternately to the plurality of data storing regions.

20. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one data storage disk comprises:

a first spiral data track disposed on either one of the lower and upper disk surface; and

a second spiral data track disposed on the other one of the lower and upper disk surfaces.

21. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the at least one data storage disk comprises:

a data band defining the presentation control window buffer;

an inner spiral diameter location and an outer spiral diameter location defined within the data band;

a first spiral data track disposed on either one of the lower and upper disk surfaces;

a second spiral data track disposed on the other one of the lower and upper disk surfaces; and

the controller coordinates the progressive movement of the actuator substantially along the first spiral data track until either one of the inner and outer spiral diameter locations is reached, and coordinates the progressive movement of the actuator substantially along the second spiral data track until the other one of the inner and outer spiral diameter locations is reached.

23. A system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the source program segments written to and read from the data storing regions are compressed program segments.

24. A system claimed in claim 13, wherein:

the source program segments includes sequentially and non-sequentially ordered program segments; and

the controller coordinates writing of the non-sequentially ordered source program segments to the plurality of data storing regions, and coordinates reading of the non-sequentially ordered source program segments from the data storing regions as sequentially ordered local program segments.

25. A method of buffering at least a portion of a multimedia program defined by source program segments on a direct access storage device, each of the source program segments being representative of a unique portion of the multimedia program portion, the method comprising:

rotating at least one data storage disk having a plurality of data storing regions disposed on any of a lower disk surface and an upper disk surface; and

writing a predetermined number of the source program segments to the plurality of data storing regions so as to define a presentation control window buffer, the source program segments being formatted in the presentation control window buffer in accordance with the equations;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">SC=D×

M×

L×

S0; and

PTD=D×

M×

L×

T0;

where;

SC is defined as a nominal storage capacity used for supporting the presentation control window buffer in megabytes;

D is defined as a number of data storage disk surfaces used for supporting the presentation control window buffer;

M is defined as a number of segment blocks per data storage disk surface used for supporting the presentation control window buffer;

L is defined as a length of each segment block as measured by the number of source program segments;

S0 is defined as an average size of each of the source program segments in megabytes;

PTD is defined as a duration of the presentation control window buffer in seconds; and

T0 is defined as a decompressed full-motion program time in seconds corresponding to each of the source program segments.

26. A method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the source program segments include sequentially and non-sequentially ordered program segments, writing the predetermined number of the source program segments further comprises writing the non-sequentially ordered program segments to the presentation control window buffers and the method further comprises reading the non-sequentially ordered program segments from the presentation control window buffer as sequentially ordered local program segments.

27. A method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the presentation control window buffer comprises spiral data tracks provided on the surface of the at least one data storage disk.

28. A method as claimed in claim 25, wherein:

the source program segments are arranged in packets; and

writing the predetermined number of source program segments further comprises writing the source program segments of consecutive packets alternately to at least two of the plurality of data storing regions.