Photolabile nucleoside protecting groups

• US 5,753,788 A
• Filed: 05/19/1995
• Issued: 05/19/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc. (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc. (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Inventors: Solas, Dennis W., Holmes, Christopher P., Fodor, Stephen P. A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Elliott, George C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Riley, Jezia
• Application Number:
  US08/446,177
• Time in Patent Office: 1,096 Days
• Field of Search: 536/22.1, 536/23.1, 530/350
• US Class Current: 506/30
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00315 Microtiter plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00432 Photolithographic masks
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00434 Liquid crystal masks
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00436 Maskless processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00459 Beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00468 by manipulation of individual beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00475 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/005 Beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00527 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00529 DNA chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00531 essentially square
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0059 Sequential processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00605 the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00608 DNA chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00612 the surface being inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00617 by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00626 Covalent
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00637 : by coating it with another layer
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00648 : by the use of solid beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 : Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00689 : using computers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00695 : Synthesis control routines, e.g. using computer programs
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00711 : Light-directed synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 : Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 : Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 : Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 : Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C07B 2200/11 : Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 229/14 : to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 229/16 : to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 263/44 : Two oxygen atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 317/62 : with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 19/073 : with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 19/173 : with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 21/04 : with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/042 : characterised by the nature of the carrier
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/045 : using devices to improve synthesis, e.g. reactors, special vessels
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/047 : Simultaneous synthesis of different peptide species; Peptide libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/062 : for alpha- or omega-carboxy functions
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 17/06 : attached to the carrier via a bridging agent
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 17/14 : Peptides being immobilised on, or in, an inorganic carrier
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 7/06 : having 5 to 11 amino acids
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6809 : Methods for determination or identification of nucleic acids involving differential detection
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6816 : characterised by the detection means C12Q1/6804 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6837 : using probe arrays or probe chips C12Q1/6874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6874 : involving nucleic acid arrays, e.g. sequencing by hybridisation
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 : Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/10 : Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 : for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 80/00 : Linkers or spacers specially adapted for combinatorial chemistry or libraries, e.g. traceless linkers or safety-catch linkers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1433 : using image recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/253 : for batch operation, i.e. multisample apparatus analytical automats G01N35/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 : Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6452 : Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6458 : Fluorescence microscopy fluorescence microscopes per se G02B21/0076 and G02B21/16
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/00 : Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor using photoresist structures for special production processes, see the relevant places, e.g. B44C, H01L, e.g. H01L21/00, H05K
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/0045 : with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/265 : Selective reaction with inorganic or organometallic reagents after image-wise exposure, e.g. silylation
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/38 : Treatment before imagewise removal, e.g. prebaking G03F7/265 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0014 : comprising cells based on organic memory material
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0019 : comprising bio-molecules
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/55 : Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/969 : Multiple layering of reactants
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/973 : Simultaneous determination of more than one analyte
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/807 : Apparatus included in process claim, e.g. physical support structures
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/809 : Multifield plates or multicontainer arrays

Abstract

A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.

Claims

1. A compound comprising the following structure:

##STR25## wherein;

n is either 0 or 1;

Y is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group of an amino acid and hydroxyl group of a nucleoside or nucleotide;

R₁ and R₂ are selected independently from the group consisting of;

lower alkyl, aryl, benzyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, thio, thioether, amino, nitro, carboxyl, formate, formamido, hydrogen, or phosphido; and

R₃ is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, hydrogen, or alkenyl.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Y is a hydroxyl group of a molecule, said molecule being selected from the group consisting of nucleosides, nucleoside analogs, oligonucleotides, and natural or unnatural amino acids or peptides.

3. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is a 5'"'"'-hydroxyl group of an oligonucleotide, and wherein said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR26## wherein R₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted hydroxyl, X is a nucleic acid or analog thereof, and B is a base.

4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen.

5. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is a 3'"'"'-hydroxyl group of an oligonucleotide, and wherein said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR27## wherein R₅ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted hydroxyl, X is a nucleic acid or analog thereof, and B is a base.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen.

7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ and R₂ are selected independently from the group consisting of:

methoxy, lower alkyl, hydrogen, alkoxy, and halogen.

8. The compound of claim 1, wherein n is 1 and said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR28##

9. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is the hydroxyl group of a nucleoside or nucleoside analog.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein Y is the 5'"'"'-hydroxyl group of a nucleoside or nucleoside analog, and wherein said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR29## wherein B is a base, R₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted hydroxyl, and activated-phosphorous-containing groups; and

R₅ is selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl and substituted hydroxyl groups.

11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₅ is selected from hydrogen and hydroxyl.

12. The compound of claim 10, wherein at least one of R₄ and R₅ is a substituted hydroxyl group.

13. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₄ is an activated-phosphorous-containing group.

14. The compound of claim 13, wherein said activated-phosphorous-containing group is a phosphotriester group and said compound has the following structure:

##STR30##

15. The compound of claim 14, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen and R₃ is methyl.

16. The compound of claim 13, wherein said activated-phosphorous-containing group is a phosphoramidite group, and said compound has the following structure:

##STR31##

17. The compound of claim 16, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen and R₃ is methyl.

18. The compound of claim 17, wherein B is adenine.

19. The compound of claim 17, wherein B is thymine.

20. The compound of claim 17, wherein B is guanine.

21. The compound of claim 17, wherein B is cytosine.

22. The compound of claim 17, wherein B is uracil.

23. The compound of claim 17, wherein R₅ is hydrogen.

24. The compound of claim 17, wherein R₅ is hydroxyl.

25. The compound of claim 17, wherein R₅ is substituted hydroxyl.

26. The compound of claim 14, wherein R₁ -R₃ are hydrogen, and said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR32##

27. The compound of claim 16, wherein R₁ -R₃ are hydrogen, and said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR33##

28. The compound of claim 27, wherein B is adenine.

29. The compound of claim 27, wherein B is thymine.

30. The compound of claim 27, wherein B is guanine.

31. The compound of claim 27 wherein B is cytosine.

32. The compound of claim 27, wherein B is uracil.

33. The compound of claim 27, wherein R₅ is hydrogen.

34. The compound of claim 27, wherein R₅ is hydroxyl.

35. The compound of claim 27, wherein R₅ is substituted hydroxyl.

36. The compound of claim 3, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen and R₃ is methyl.

37. The compound of claim 3, wherein R₁ -R₃ are hydrogen.

38. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is a carboxyl group of a natural or unnatural amino acid or peptide.

39. The compound of claim 1, wherein n is 0, and wherein said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR34##

40. The compound of claim 39, wherein Y is the carboxyl group of a natural or unnatural amino acid or peptide.

41. The compound of claim 40, wherein Y is the carboxyl terminus of a natural or unnatural amino acid or peptide.

42. The compound of claim 40, wherein said natural or unnatural amino acid is selected from the group consisting of the naturally-occurring L-amino acids.

43. The compound of claim 39, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen, R₃ is methyl, and wherein said compound is represented by the structure:

##STR35## wherein R₇ is a side chain of a naturally-occurring amino acid and R₈ is an amine.

44. The compound of claim 39, wherein R₁ -R₃ are hydrogen, and wherein said compound is represented by the following structure:

##STR36## wherein R₇ is a side chain of a naturally-occurring amino acid, and R₈ is an amine.

45. The compound of claim 41, wherein said natural or unnatural amino acid or peptide is a peptide.

46. The compound of claim 41, wherein said peptide is a dimer.