Tone correction for multi-level halftoned images

• US 5,754,309 A
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 05/19/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Chen, Kok S., Karlsson, Magnus L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu, Kim
• Assistant Examiner(s): Harris, Tia M.
• Application Number:
  US08/471,657
• Time in Patent Office: 1,078 Days
• Field of Search: 358/456, 358/429, 358/298, 358/455, 358/457, 358/458, 358/460, 358/532, 358/533, 358/534, 358/535, 358/536, 382/274, 382/268, 345/199, 345/201, 347/240, 347/251, 347/252, 347/253, 347/254
• US Class Current: 358/3.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/40087 Multi-toning, i.e. converting a continuous-tone signal for reproduction with more than two discrete brightnesses or optical densities, e.g. dots of grey and black inks on white paper

Abstract

A multi-level image output device performs correction of pixel values which have undergone halftone processing to compensate for non-linearities. This correction is carried out by means of a tonal reproduction transfer function, which linearizes the output values from a halftone processor before they are applied to an image generator, such as a laser modulator. By rectifying non-linear intensity of individual pixels, images can be generated with a smoother grayscale gradient. The function of the post-halftone correction can be combined with a modulator, to achieve an economy of components which make up the output device. As a further feature, a plurality of post-halftoning correction devices can be provided. One of these devices is selected to correct the data values produced by halftone processing, in dependence upon the values of neighboring pixels in an image.

Claims

1. An image reproducing device, comprising:

means for producing image values for individual picture elements of an image;

an image generating device for producing a visible image, wherein each picture element of the visible image has a display value that can be at one of multiple intensity levels;

a halftone processor for converting said image values into display values at said multiple intensity levels;

a first correcting device for correcting said image values to compensate for non-linearities in the display values caused by said halftone processor; and

a second correcting device for correcting individual display values to compensate for non-linearities of said display values over a range of said multiple intensity levels.

2. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein at least one of said correcting devices includes a look-up table.

3. The image reproducing device of claim 2 wherein both of said correcting devices include a look-up table.

4. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said first correcting device corrects said image values prior to receipt of said image values by said halftone processor, and said second correcting device corrects said data values after conversion by said halftone processor and prior to receipt by said image generating device.

5. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said second correcting device comprises at least two look-up tables, and means for selecting one of said look-up tables for correction of said display values.

6. The image reproducing device of claim 5 wherein said selecting means selects one of said look-up tables on the basis of display values for picture elements that are adjacent to a picture element being processed.

7. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said second correcting device includes a look-up table and said image generating device includes a modulator that is implemented in the form of a look-up table.

8. The image reproducing device of claim 7 wherein the look-up table for said second correcting device and the look-up table for said modulator are integrated in a single look-up table.

9. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said second correcting device comprises a plurality of selectable look-up tables and said image generating device comprises a modulator having an associated look-up table, and wherein the look-up table for said modulator is integrated in the look-up tables for said second correcting device.

18. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said second correcting device applies a transfer function to individual display values, which is an inverse of said non-linearity over said range of multiple intensity levels.

19. The image reproducing device of claim 1 wherein said second correcting device includes a look-up table containing values which are related to the inverse of said non-linearities over said range of multiple intensity values.

10. In an image reproducing device of the type in which each picture element of an image can be reproduced at one of multiple levels, a method for generating a halftoned image, comprising the steps of:

generating image values for the picture elements of an image, wherein each image value represents one of N levels;

halftone processing said image values to produce corresponding display values, wherein each display value represents one of M levels and N>

M>

2;

correcting said image values to compensate for non-linearities in the display values caused by said halftone processing;

correcting individual display values to compensate for non-linearities in said display values over said M levels; and

generating a visible image in accordance with the corrected display values.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of correcting said image values is carried out prior to said halftone processing step.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of correcting said display values is carried out after said halftone processing step.

20. The method of claim 10 wherein said step of correcting individual display values includes applying a transfer function to individual display values, which is an inverse of said non-linearity over said range of multiple intensity levels.

13. In an image reproducing device of the type in which individual pixels are reproduced with an intensity value that can occupy one of multiple levels in a range of intensity values, a halftone processor comprising:

means for converting image data into display values commensurate with the number of levels in said range; and

a correcting device for correcting said display values to compensate for non-linearities of said display values over said range of intensity values.

14. The image reproducing device of claim 13 wherein said correcting device comprises at least two look-up tables, and means for selecting one of said look-up tables for correction of said display values.

15. An image reproducing device, comprising:

means for producing image values for individual picture elements of an image;

an image generating device for producing a visible image, wherein each picture element of the visible image has a display value that can be at one of multiple intensity levels;

a halftone processor for converting said image values into display values at said multiple intensity levels;

a pre-halftone correcting device for correcting said image values to compensate for non-linearities in the display values caused by said halftone processor;

at least two post-halftone correcting devices for correcting said display values to compensate for non-linearities of said display values over a range of said multiple intensity levels; and

means for selecting one of said post-halftone correcting devices on the basis of display values for picture elements that are adjacent to a picture element whose display value is being corrected.

16. The image reproducing device of claim 15 wherein each of said post-halftone correcting devices comprises a look-up table.

17. The image reproducing device of claim 15 wherein each of post-halftone correcting devices comprises a look-up table and said image generating device comprises a modulator having an associated look-up table, and wherein the look-up table for said modulator is integrated in the look-up tables for said post-halftone correcting devices.