Structured retroreflective sheeting having a rivet-like connection

• US 5,754,338 A
• Filed: 11/08/1996
• Issued: 05/19/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Inventors: Wilson, Bruce B., Frey, Cheryl M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Phan, James
• Application Number:
  US08/747,105
• Time in Patent Office: 557 Days
• Field of Search: 359/529, 359/530, 359/546, 359/900, 428/156, 428/161, 428/172, 428/323, 428/327, 428/345-347, 428/131-133, 428/137, 428/147, 264/1.1, 264/1.6, 264/1.7, 264/1.9
• US Class Current: 359/530
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2793/0045 Perforating
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/08 using ultrasonic vibrations non-plastics element to plastics elements B29C65/645
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/608 the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/7443 by means of ultrasonic vibrations
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/7894 of continuously moving sheets or webs
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/0222 without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/1122 Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints B29C66/45, B29C66/472, B29C66/52272 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/21 said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/234 said joint lines being in the form of tessellations
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/304 Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article B29C66/3034 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/438 Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/45 Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles methods or apparatus for laminating B32B37/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/53461 joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/71 characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined welding bar compositions B29C65/125
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/723 being multi-layered B29C66/7292, B29C66/72941 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/7234 comprising a barrier layer
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/7315 Mechanical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/73365 at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/73921 characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81264 Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/83411 : Roller, cylinder or drum types B29C66/83431 takes precedence; rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined B29C66/8362
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/83413 : cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/83511 : jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/00 : Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/16 : EPM, i.e. ethylene-propylene copolymers; EPDM, i.e. ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers; EPT, i.e. ethylene-propylene terpolymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2025/06 : PS, i.e. polystyrene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2025/08 : Copolymers of styrene, e.g. AS or SAN, i.e. acrylonitrile styrene B29K2055/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2055/02 : ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2067/00 : Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2071/00 : Use of polyethers , e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2077/00 : Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2995/0077 : Yield strength; Tensile strength
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2031/775 : Toothed articles corrugated B29L2016/00; screw-threaded B29L2001/00; corrugated tubes B29L2023/18; comb-like B29L2021/00; gears, pinions, sprocket-wheels B29L2015/00
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 3/30 : characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs apertured layer B32B3/266; layer with cavities or internal voids B32B3/26
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/124 : plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24612 : Composite web or sheet

Abstract

The present invention provides a retroreflective sheeting including a structured film having an array of structured elements and a sealing film attached to the structured film by a plurality of rivet-like connections perforating the sealing film. Preferably, the rivet-like connections form flanges. The preferred sealing film is a thermoplastic polymer with a ductile yield of at least about 20%. The retroreflective sheetings according to the present invention can also include a seal coat located on the sealing film. In some embodiments, the seal coat can be prepared from a seal coat precursor comprising radiation curable components. The present invention also includes methods of manufacturing the various embodiments of the retroreflective sheetings.

Claims

1. A retroreflective sheeting comprising:

a) a structured film comprising an array of structured elements; and

b) a sealing film attached to the structured film by a plurality of rivet-like connections, wherein a first side of the sealing film faces the structured elements and a second side faces away from the structured elements, and further wherein each of the rivet-like connections comprises a perforation in the sealing film through which a portion of the structured film protrudes to attach the sealing film to the structured film.

2. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the structured film protruding through the perforation in at least one of the rivet-like connections expands to form a flange.

3. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the rivet-like connections are generally located in a predetermined pattern.

4. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the structured film further comprises a land.

5. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the structured film further comprises a raised structure extending between the structured film and the sealing film, and further wherein the rivet-like connections are formed on the raised structure.

6. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 5, wherein the portion of the structured film protruding through the perforation in at least one of the rivet-like connections expands to form a flange.

7. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 5, wherein the raised structure further comprises one or more ridges.

8. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 5, wherein the raised structure further comprises one or more ridges located in a predetermined pattern.

9. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 5, wherein the raised structure further comprises elements for perforating the sealing film.

10. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the sealing film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.

11. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 1, wherein the sealing film has a ductile yield of at least about 20%.

12. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 11, wherein the sealing film comprises a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of cast polyethers, cast polyesters, cast polyamides, ionomeric ethylene copolymers, plasticized vinyl halide polymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, poly-alpha-olefins, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, and combinations or blends thereof.

13. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 12, wherein the sealing film comprises a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene ternary copolymers grafted with a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile, styrene-acrylonitrile graft copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene graft copolymers, extractable styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, and combinations or blends thereof.

14. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 12, further comprising a seal coat on the second side of the sealing film.

15. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 14, wherein the seal coat is prepared from a seal coat precursor comprising a thermally curable component.

16. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 14, wherein the seal coat is prepared from a seal coat precursor comprising a radiation curable component.

17. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 16, wherein the radiation curable component comprises a cationic curable resin, a free radical curable resin, or mixtures thereof.

18. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 16, wherein the radiation curable component comprises a dual-cure resin or a hybrid-cure resin.

19. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 16, wherein the radiation curable component comprises an acrylate.

20. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 19, wherein the acrylate is selected from the group consisting of an acrylated epoxy, an acrylated polyester, an acrylated aromatic or aliphatic urethane, an acrylated acrylic, an acrylated silicone, an acrylated polyether, a vinyl acrylate, and an acrylated oil.

21. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 20, wherein the acrylate is an acrylated aliphatic or aromatic urethane.

22. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 21, wherein the acrylate is an acrylated aliphatic urethane.

23. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 22, wherein the seal coat precursor further comprises a monofunctional or multifunctional reactive monomer.

24. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 23, wherein the monofunctional or multifunctional reactive monomer is an acrylate monomer.

25. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 16, wherein the seal coat precursor comprises a reactive diluent and a film former.

26. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 25, wherein the reactive diluent comprises a monofunctional or multifunctional acrylate monomer.

27. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 25, wherein the film former comprises a thermoplastic polymer.

28. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 25, wherein the film former comprises a monofunctional or multifunctional acrylate oligomer.

29. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 25, wherein the seal coat precursor further comprises a multiphase styrenic thermoplastic copolymer.

30. A retroreflective sheeting comprising:

a) a cube-corner film comprising an array of cube-corner elements; and

b) a sealing film attached to the cube-corner film by a plurality of rivet-like connections, wherein;

(i) each of the rivet-like connections comprises a perforation in the sealing film through which a portion of the cube-corner film protrudes to attach the sealing film to the cube-corner film; and

(ii) the sealing film comprises a multiphase styrenic thermoplastic copolymer.

31. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 30, wherein the sealing film thickness is less than about 250 micrometers.

32. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 30, wherein the multiphase styrenic thermoplastic copolymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene ternary copolymers grafted with a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile, styrene-acrylonitrile graft copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene graft copolymers, extractable styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, and combinations or blends thereof.

33. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 30, further comprising a seal coat on the second side of the sealing film.

34. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 33, wherein the seal coat is prepared from a seal coat precursor comprising a radiation curable component.

35. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 34, wherein the seal coat precursor comprises a reactive diluent and a film former.

36. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 35, wherein the reactive diluent comprises a monofunctional or multifunctional acrylate monomer.

37. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 35, wherein the film former comprises a monofunctional or multifunctional acrylate oligomer.

38. A retroreflective sheeting according to claim 37, wherein the radiation curable seal coat precursor further comprises a multiphase styrenic thermoplastic copolymer.

39. A method of manufacturing retroreflective sheeting comprising:

a) providing a structured film comprising an array of structured elements; and

b) attaching a sealing film to the structured film by forming a plurality of rivet-like connections between the structured film and the sealing film, wherein the structured film perforates the sealing film to form each of the rivet-like connections.

40. A method according to claim 39, wherein the step of attaching further comprises forming a flange in at least one of the rivet-like connections.

41. A method according to claim 39, wherein the step of attaching further comprises forming the rivet-like connections in a predetermined pattern.

42. A method according to claim 39, wherein the sealing film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.

43. A method according to claim 39, wherein the sealing film has a ductile yield of at least about 20%.

44. A method according to claim 39, wherein the sealing film comprises a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of cast polyethers, cast polyesters, cast polyamides, ionomeric ethylene copolymers, plasticized vinyl halide polymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, poly-alpha-olefins, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, and combinations or blends thereof.

45. A method according to claim 44, further comprising the step of providing a seal coat precursor on the second side of the sealing film.

46. A method according to claim 45, wherein the seal coat precursor comprises a radiation curable component.

47. A method according to claim 45, further comprising the step of curing the seal coat precursor using E-beam radiation.