Pilot injector for gas turbine engines

• US 5,755,090 A
• Filed: 08/29/1996
• Issued: 05/26/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Hu, Aaron S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Casaregola, Louis J.
• Application Number:
  US08/705,036
• Time in Patent Office: 635 Days
• Field of Search: 60/39.091, 60/39.141, 60/39.142, 60/39.27, 60/734, 60/746, 60/747
• US Class Current: 60/39.091
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/262 Restarting after flame-out
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/083 by monitoring combustion conditions
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/092 in particular blow-out and relight
• CPC Class Codes: F23D 2209/20 Flame lift-off / stability
• CPC Class Codes: F23D 23/00 Assemblies of two or more burners gas burners with provision for a retention flame F23D14/26
• CPC Class Codes: F23D 2900/00015 Pilot burners specially adapted for low load or transient conditions, e.g. for increasing stability
• CPC Class Codes: F23R 3/343 Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion ignition in gas-turbine plants F02C7/264; pilot flame igniters F23Q9/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/60 Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

A combustor is disclosed capable of averting engine flameout. This combustor comprises a combustion chamber, which comprises an outlet for discharging heated combustion products. The combustor further comprises a primary injector for injecting a fuel and compressed air into a primary zone of the combustion chamber such that the fuel is induced into a recirculation zone at a corner of the primary zone. Combustion means for combusting the fuel and the compressed air in the combustion chamber resulting in heated combustion products are also incorporated in the combustor. Moreover, the combustor comprises sensing means for monitoring the combustor to substantially detect a pre-flameout condition. To realize the advantages of the present invention, the combustor additionally comprises a pilot injector for injecting a propellant into the recirculation zone in response to detecting said flameout condition by the sensing means, such that the propellant combusts as a diffusion flame.

Claims

1. A combustor for combusting and discharging heated combustion products comprising:

a combustion chamber having an outlet for discharging heated combustion products;

a primary injector for injecting a mixture of a fuel and compressed air into a primary zone of said combustion chamber such that said mixture is induced into a recirculation zone;

combustion means for combusting said mixture in said combustion chamber resulting in the heated combustion products;

sensing means for monitoring the combustor to substantially detect a pre-flameout condition comprising a compressed air intake measuring means for making compressed air intake flow measurements;

a fuel intake measuring means for making fuel intake flow measurements; and

means for controlling a pilot injector in response to the ratio of said compressed air intake measurements and said fuel intake measurements;

said pilot injector for injecting a propellant into said recirculation zone in response to detecting said pre-flameout condition by said sensing means, such that said propellant combusts as a diffusion flame to thereby control the stability of the combustor.

2. An engine comprising a combustor for combusting and discharging heated combustion products, said combustor comprising:

a combustion chamber having an outlet for discharging heated combustion products;

a nozzle for injecting a mixture of a fuel and pressurized air into a primary zone of said combustion chamber such that a recirculation zone comprising said mixture is formed;

an ignitor for combusting said mixture in said combustion chamber resulting in the heated combustion products;

sensing means for monitoring the combustor to detect a substantially pre-flameout condition comprising a pressurized air intake measuring means for making pressurized air intake flow measurements;

a fuel intake measuring means for making fuel flow intake measurements; and

means for controlling a pilot injector in response to the ratio of said pressurized air intake measurements and said fuel intake measurements;

said pilot injector for injecting a propellant into said recirculation zone in response to detecting said pre-flameout condition by said sensing means, such that said propellant combusts as a diffusion flame to thereby control the stability of the combustor.