Building products incorporating phase change materials and method of making same

• US 5,755,216 A
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 05/26/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Dayton
• Original Assignee: University of Dayton
• Inventors: Salyer, Ival O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Larry
• Application Number:
  US08/468,443
• Time in Patent Office: 1,085 Days
• Field of Search: 126/618, 126/619, 126/617, 126/400, 165/202, 165/53, 165/104.26
• US Class Current: 126/618
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 16/04 Macromolecular compounds C04B16/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 5/063 Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/7604 fillings for cavity walls
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 2002/0293 solid material
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 1/392 for ventilating, heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 1/41 composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 20/023 the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/14 Thermal energy storage

Abstract

A building product having thermal energy storage properties in the form of a cementitious hollow core building block having a hollow core or cores and having within the hollow core(s) a composite containing a phase change material. The composite may be a cementitious plug sized to fit the hollow core(s) and having a phase change material imbibed into the pores and matrix thereof or having polyolefin pellets containing a phase change material or silica particles containing a phase change material incorporated at the wet mix stage of formation of the cementitious plug. The composite may also be a polyolefin plug sized to fit hollow core(s) and having a phase change material contained within the matrix thereof. Finally the composite may be polyolefin pellets containing a phase change material or silica particles containing a phase change material packed in a container sized to fit the hollow core(s).

Claims

1. A building product having thermal energy storage properties comprising a cementitious hollow core building block having at least one hollow core and having within said hollow core a composite selected from the group consisting of a povyolefin matrix having a phase change material contained within the matrix thereof finely divided silica particles having particle sizes of about 0.005 microns to about 0.025 microns and having a phase change material contained within the matrix thereof;

and a formed cementitious plug having a phase change material incorporated therein.

2. The building product of claim 1 wherein said composite is a formed cementitious plug having a phase change material incorporated therein by adding said phase change material to the wet mix stage during formation of said formed cementitious plug.

3. The building product of claim 2 wherein said phase change material is contained within the matrix of finely divided silica particles having particle size of about 0.005 to about 0.025 microns and the silica particles containing the phase change material are added to the wet mix stage during formation of said formed cementitious plug.

4. The building product of claim 2 wherein said phase change material is contained within the matrix of polyolefin pellets and the polyolefin pellets containing the phase change material are added to the wet mix stage during formation of said formed cementitious plug.

5. The building product of claim 4 wherein said polyolefin pellets are cross-linked high density polyethylene.

6. The building product of claim 1 wherein said composite is a formed cementitious plug having a phase change material incorporated therein by imbibing said phase change material into said formed cementitious plug.

7. The building product of claim 6 wherein said formed cementitious plug is formed of a cement and lightweight expanded shale mixture.

8. The building product of claim 7 wherein said phase change material is an crystalline alkyl hydrocarbon having a heat of fusion of greater than about 30 cal/g.

9. The building product of claim 1 wherein said composite is a container packed with polyolefin pellets having a phase change material contained within the matrix thereof.

10. The building product of claim 9 wherein said container is selected from the group consisting of a plastic bag, a metallic pouch, a plastic box, and a metal box.

11. The building product of claim 10 wherein said phase change material is a crystalline alkyl hydrocarbon having a heat of fusion of greater than about 30 cal/g.

12. The building product of claim 11 wherein said phase change material further includes an additive selected from the group consisting of fire retardant, heat transfer agents, and mixtures thereof.

13. The building product of claim 11 wherein said polyolefin pellets are cross-linked high density polyethylene pellets.

14. The building product of claim 11 wherein said polyolefin pellets are high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate pellets.

15. The building product of claim 1 wherein said composite is a container packed with finely divided silica particles having particle sizes of about 0.005 to about 0.025 microns and having a phase change material contained within the matrix thereof.

16. The building product of claim 15 wherein said container is selected from the group consisting of a plastic bag, a metallic pouch, a plastic box, and a metal box.

17. The building product of claim 15 wherein said phase change material is selected from the group consisting of water, water/urea clathrate, quaternary ammonium halide clathrates, linear alkyl hydrocarbons, and fatty acids, primary alcohols, 5 esters, 1-olefins, and halogenated hydrocarbons having a heat of fusion of greater than about 30 cal/g.

18. The building product of claim 17 wherein said phase change material further includes an additive selected from the group consisting of fire retardants, heat transfer agents, and mixtures thereof.

19. The building product of claim 1 wherein said composite is a molded polyolefin plug having a metrix and having a phase change material contained within the matrix by melt mixing said phase change material with polyolefin heated above its melting point prior to molding said polyolefin plug.

20. The building material of claim 19 wherein said molded polyolefin plug is a high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate.

21. The building material of claim 19 wherein said phase change material is a crystalline alkyl hydrocarbon having a heat of fusion of greater than about 30 cal/g.

22. A building product having thermal energy storage properties comprising a Cementitious hollow core building block having at least one hollow core and having within said hollow core a molded high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate plug having a matrix structure and having a phase change material contained within the matrix by melt mixing said phase change material and silica particles into high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate above the melting point of polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate prior to molding said plug.