Apparatus and method for navigating mobile body using bird's eye view

• US 5,757,290 A
• Filed: 04/19/1996
• Issued: 05/26/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Watanabe, Masaki, Kishi, Norimasa
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Benjamin C.
• Application Number:
  US08/634,878
• Time in Patent Office: 767 Days
• Field of Search: 340/995, 340/990, 340/988, 340/973, 340/974, 340/975, 364/449, 364/443, 364/444, 345/133, 345/139
• US Class Current: 340/995.14
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/3635 Guidance using 3D or perspective road maps
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0969 having a display in the form of a map

Abstract

In apparatus and method for navigating a mobile body (,e.g., an automotive vehicle) through an image display unit using a bird'"'"'s eye view representation, display colors of individual objects in a road map information of a region to be displayed using the bird'"'"'s eye view in a road map information of a plurality of road map pieces stored in an external memory unit are varied on the basis of distances from the individual elements (objects) to a viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view so as to express atmospheric effects in an actual landscape. In addition, various types of external environmental information such as a weather condition information and a traffic congestion information are added into the bird'"'"'s eye view representation, avoiding a complication in the displayed image screen of the image display unit.

Claims

1. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body, comprising:

a) an external memory unit arranged for storing road map information on each of a plurality of road map pieces;

b) a display reference point determining unit arranged for determining a display reference point on the basis of which a region in pieces of the road map stored in the external memory unit is determined to be displayed on an image screen;

c) an arithmetic processing unit arranged for carrying out an arithmetic operation and processing required to display any pieces of the road map which corresponds to the region determined to be displayed on the image screen in a form of a bird'"'"'s eye view; and

d) an image display unit arranged for displaying the region in pieces of the road map stored in the external memory unit to be determined to be displayed on the image screen thereof in the form of the bird'"'"'s eye view, wherein said arithmetic operation and processing unit comprises;

e) first determining means for determining the region in pieces of the road map stored in the external memory unit to be displayed on the image screen on the basis of the determined display reference point and for determining coordinate transformation parameters to be used for a perspective projection transformation of the region of pieces of the road map into the bird'"'"'s eye view on the basis of the determined display reference point;

f) road map data inputting means for reading the road map information of the region of pieces of the road map to be displayed from the external memory unit into said arithmetic processing unit;

g) coordinate transforming means for carrying out the perspective projection coordinate transformation for the road map information on the corresponding region to be displayed using the coordinate transformation parameters determined by said first determining means;

h) internal memory means for storing mixing ratios (w) of colors to be displayed with other additive colors and the other additive colors (V_CA) to be mixed with the colors to be displayed for individual pixels constituting the displayed image screen on said image display unit, said mixing ratios (w) and the other additive colors (V_CA) being parameters to vary display colors of data of objects in said road map information of the corresponding region of the road map according to distances from a viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view to the respective objects to be displayed;

i) second determining means for determining the respective display colors for the respective data of objects in said road map information on the corresponding region of the road maps to be displayed on the image screen of said image display unit after the perspective projection coordinate transformation using the display color mixing ratios (w) and the other additive colors (V_CA) to be mixed with the colors to be displayed; and

j) display color outputting means for outputting the respective display colors for the respective data of the objects in the region of the road map to be displayed on the image screen of said display unit determined by said second determining means to the image display unit together with the coordinate transformed road map information of the corresponding region of the road map to be displayed.

2. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises external environment information inputting means for inputting a dynamic external environmental information from external infrastructure facilities which are external to the mobile body and wherein said image display unit displays the road map information of the corresponding region of the road map in the form of the bird'"'"'s eye view together with the dynamic external environmental information.

3. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dynamic external environmental information includes a weather condition information and a traffic congestion information.

4. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 1, wherein said image screen of said image display unit is approximately divided into two display parts of a relatively upper part and a relatively low part and wherein said display color outputting means outputs the respective data of the objects in said road map information of the corresponding region of the road map to be displayed to the image display unit with determined display colors by said second determining means to said image display unit so that said display unit displays the outputted data with determined display colors only on a predetermined range of the relatively low part as viewed from a user toward the image screen thereof and wherein said second determining means determines a color representing a sky as the corresponding display color to be displayed on the relatively upper part as viewed from the user toward the image screen of said image display unit and said display color outputting means outputs the color representing the sky to said image display unit.

5. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 4, wherein said second determining means mixes natural colors (V_CO) set as the display colors for the respective data of the objects in the road map information of the corresponding region of the road map data or a natural color previously set as a display color representing said sky with the additive colors (V_CA) to be mixed with the colors to be displayed which are previously stored in said memory means on the basis of respectively corresponding mixing ratios of the colors to be displayed to the other additive colors so as to determine the display colors for the data of the objects in said road map information to be displayed or so as to determine the display color of the sky.

6. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 5, wherein each of the display colors of the data of the objects in said road map information of the corresponding one of the road map data is determined as follows:

##EQU1## denotes each of the determined display colors, w denotes each display color mixing ratio and indicates a real number value ranging from zero to one depending on the corresponding distance, ##EQU2## denotes each of the other additive colors to be mixed with V_CO, R denotes a red component of three primaries, G denotes a green component of the three primaries, and B denotes a blue component of the three primaries.

7. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 5, wherein said second determining means comprises generating means for previously generating a display image of the natural colors in units of the pixels and mixing means for mixing the natural colors with the other additive colors for the respective pixels on the display image according to the display color mixing ratios corresponding to the respective pixels and stored in said memory means.

8. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 7, which further comprises external environment information inputting means for inputting a dynamic external environmental information from external infrastructure facilities which are external to the mobile body and wherein said image display unit displays the road map data in the form of the bird'"'"'s eye view together with the dynamic external environmental information and wherein said second determining means determines the natural colors of the respective data of the objects set in the road map information as the display colors of the data to be displayed directly as their display colors if either a previously set condition or a condition determined according to the external environmental information inputted by said external environmental information inputting means is satisfied when determining the display colors of the data of the objects in said road map information to be displayed on the image screen of said image display unit.

9. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 8, wherein the previously set condition to be satisfied includes such a condition as to determine whether the data of the objects in said road map information to be displayed indicates such an information as requiring an assurance of a relatively high visibility against any other data to be displayed.

10. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 9, wherein the information requiring the assurance of the relatively high visibility includes character data representing names of places, a present position of the mobile body derived from said display reference point determining units, and a route of travel to a destination to which the mobile body is finally to reach and which is set by the user.

11. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 8, wherein the condition determined according to the external environmental information inputted by said external environmental information inputting means to be satisfied includes such a condition as to determine whether the data of the objects in said road map information of the corresponding region to be displayed indicate road link data corresponding to a road interval on which a traffic congestion presently occurs when the external environmental information is the traffic congestion information.

12. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the display color mixing ratios is previously set in said memory means on the basis of a distance from a point of place on a road map plane corresponding to an individual pixel on the image screen of said image display unit to a viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view.

13. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the display color mixing ratios is calculated on the basis of a distance from a point of place on a road map plane corresponding to an individual pixel on the image screen of said image display unit to a viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view.

14. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 12, wherein one of the display color mixing ratios for at least one particular pixel on the image screen of said image display unit is previously set in said memory means irrespective of the distance form the point on the map plane corresponding to the particular pixel to the viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view.

15. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 13, wherein one of the display color mixing ratios for at least one particular pixel on the image screen of said image display unit is calculated irrespective of the distance form the point on the map plane corresponding to the particular pixel to the viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view.

16. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 8, wherein said image screen of said image display unit is divided into a plurality of display regions on the basis of either a previously given information to said arithmetic processing unit or the external environment information inputted by said external environmental information inputting means and wherein the other additive colors V_CA to be mixed with the colors to be displayed are colors mutually different for the respective divided display regions.

17. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 16, wherein said mutually different colors given to the respectively divided display regions on the basis of the previously given information are such that a relatively bright color is given to any one of the divided display regions corresponding to a direction of a destination to which the mobile body is finally to reach and which is set by the user and a relatively dark color is given to any other of the divided display regions.

18. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 16, wherein the mutually different colors given to the respectively divided display regions of the image screen of said image display unit on the basis of the external environmental information are such that in the divided display regions of the image screen of said image display unit, at least one color directly representing the present weather condition information is given to a range of the image screen of said image display unit corresponding to any regional area of a certain weather environment.

19. An apparatus for navigating a mobile body as claimed in claim 18, wherein the present weather condition information includes an information on a photo-chemical smog alert.

20. A method for navigating a mobile body using an image display unit comprising the steps of:

a) storing road map information on each of a plurality of road map pieces;

b) determining a display reference point on the basis of which a region in pieces of the road map stored at said step a) is determined to be displayed on an image screen of said image display unit;

c) carrying out an arithmetic operation and process required to display any pieces of the road map which corresponds to the region determined to be displayed on the image screen in a form of a bird'"'"'s eye view; and

d) displaying the region in pieces of the road map stored at said step a) to be determined to be displayed on the image screen of said image display unit in the form of the bird'"'"'s eye view, wherein said step c) further comprises the steps of;

e) determining the region in pieces of the road map stored at said step a) to be displayed on the image screen on the basis of the determined display reference point and determining coordinate transformation parameters to be used for a perspective projection transformation of the region of pieces of the road map into the bird'"'"'s eye view on the basis of the determined display reference point;

f) reading the road map information of the region of pieces of the road map to be displayed;

g) carrying out the perspective projection coordinate transformation for the road map information on the region to be displayed using the coordinate transformation parameters determined at said step e);

h) storing mixing ratios (w) of colors to be displayed with other additive colors and the other additive colors (V_CA) to be mixed with the colors to be displayed for individual pixels constituting the displayed image screen on said image display unit, said mixing ratios (w) and the other additive colors (V_CA) being parameters to vary display colors of data of objects in said road map information of the corresponding region of the road map according to distances from a viewpoint of the bird'"'"'s eye view to the respective objects to be displayed;

i) determining the respective display colors for the respective data of the objects in said road map information on the corresponding region of the road map to be displayed on the image screen of said image display unit after the perspective projection coordinate transformation using the display color mixing ratios (w) and the other additive colors (V_CA) to be mixed with the colors to be displayed; and

j) outputting the respective display colors for the respective data of the objects in the corresponding region of the road map to be displayed on the image screen of said display unit determined at said step e) to the image display unit together with the coordinate transformed road map information of the corresponding region of the road map to be displayed.