Method and apparatus for desulfating a NO.sub.x trap

• US 5,758,493 A
• Filed: 12/13/1996
• Issued: 06/02/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Meyer, Garth M., Asik, Joseph R.
• Primary Examiner(s): ARGENBRIGHT, TONY MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US08/764,185
• Time in Patent Office: 536 Days
• Field of Search: 60/282, 60/297, 60/299, 60/302, 60/274, 123/443
• US Class Current: 60/274
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/9431 Processes characterised by a specific device
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/009 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/011 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2240/20 a flow director or deflector
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2250/12 absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2260/04 for regeneration or reactivation, e.g. of catalyst
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2430/06 by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2570/04 Sulfur or sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/0842 Nitrogen oxides
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/0885 Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/0082 per groups or banks F02D41/0087 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/0085 Balancing of cylinder outputs, e.g. speed, torque or air-fuel ratio
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/025 by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 41/028 Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A method and apparatus for desulfating a NO_x trap is proposed wherein half of the engine cylinders are operated at a rich air/fuel ratio and half are operated at a lean A/F during the desulfation process. The two exhaust gas streams, the rich stream and the lean stream, are physically or chemically separated until they enter the NO_x trap. A catalyzed exothermic chemical reaction is then generated in the trap. The resulting temperature increase is sufficient to remove SOX from the trap. During desulfation spark advance is adjusted to minimize event time imbalance.

Claims

1. A method of desulfating a NO_x trap located in the exhaust passage of an engine having at least a first and a second cylinder comprising the steps of:

providing a lean fuel mixture to said first cylinder and a rich fuel mixture to said second cylinder;

maintaining separate oaths for the exhaust gases from said first and second cylinders until entry into said trap to produce an exothermic reaction in said trap;

maintaining an average air/fuel ratio to said engine of approximately stoichiometric;

adjusting spark advance for said rich and lean cylinders to minimize event time imbalance, wherein the spark advance adjustments are a function of engine speed, load and air/fuel ratio; and

retarding the spark of said rich cylinder if the lean cylinder event is of longer time duration than the rich cylinder event.

2. The method defined in claim 1 including the further step of advancing the spark of said rich cylinder if the lean cylinder event is of shorter time duration than the rich cylinder event.

3. Apparatus for desulfating a NO_x trap located in the exhaust passage of a multi-cylinder engine having exhaust manifold means connected with catalytic converter means located in said exhaust passage upstream of said NO_x trap, said apparatus comprising:

means providing a lean fuel mixture to one half of the cylinders of said engine and providing a rich fuel mixture to the other half of the cylinders of said engine;

means for combining the exhaust gases from all lean burn cylinders and all rich burn cylinders no later than upon entry of the exhaust gases into said trap to thereby produce an exothermic reaction in said trap.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 further including a divider plate in the exhaust manifold means for establishing separate paths for the exhaust gases from all lean burn cylinders and all rich burn cylinders.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said exhaust manifold means includes two separate exhaust manifolds and said catalytic converter means includes two separate three-way catalysts to provide separate rich and lean exhaust streams.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the output exhaust streams of the two catalysts are fed to said NO_x trap through an exhaust pipe.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said exhaust pipe includes a divider providing separate passages in said exhaust pipe for the rich exhaust stream and the lean exhaust stream to insure that little or no exothermic chemical reaction occurs prior to the NO_x trap.

8. The apparatus of claim 3 further including means for adjusting spark advance for said rich burn cylinders and said lean burn cylinders to minimize event time imbalance.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said means for adjusting spark advance retards the spark of said rich burn cylinders if a lean burn cylinder event is of longer time duration than a rich cylinder event and advances the spark of said rich burn cylinders if a lean burn cylinder event is of shorter time duration than a rich cylinder event.

10. A method of desulfating a NO_x trap located in the exhaust passage of an engine having at least a first and a second cylinder comprising the steps of:

providing a lean fuel mixture to said first cylinder and a rich fuel mixture to said second cylinder;

combining the exhaust gases from said first and second cylinders to produce an exothermic reaction in said traps;

maintaining an average air/fuel ratio to said engine of approximately stoichiometric;

adjusting spark advance for said rich and lean cylinders to minimize event time imbalance; and

retarding the spark of said rich cylinder if the lean cylinder event is of longer time duration than the rich cylinder event, and advancing the spark of said rich cylinder if the lean cylinder event is of shorter time duration than the rich cylinder event.

11. An article of manufacture comprising:

a computer storage medium having a computer program encoded therein for causing the computer to control an engine having at least two cylinders, said computer storage medium comprising;

code for causing the computer to direct fuel to a first half of the cylinders of said engine to establish a lean air/fuel mixture ratio, and to direct fuel to a second half of the cylinders of said engine to establish a lean air/fuel mixture ratio;

code for causing the computer to control spark advance;

code for causing the computer to measure cylinder events;

code for causing the computer to maintain an average air/fuel ratio to said engine of approximately stoichiometric; and

code for causing the computer to adjust spark advance for said rich and lean cylinders to minimize event time imbalance including instructions for accessing vehicle operating condition and instructions for retarding the spark of one half of said cylinders if the cylinder event of the other half of said cylinders is of longer time duration than the cylinder event of said one half of said cylinders, and for advancing the spark of said one half of said cylinders if the cylinder event of the other half of said cylinders is of shorter time duration than the cylinder event of said one half of said cylinders.

12. A method of desulfating a NO_x trap, located in the exhaust passage of a multi-cylinder engine comprising a sequence of the following steps:

providing a lean fuel mixture to one half of the cylinders of said engine;

providing a rich fuel mixture to the other half of the cylinders of said engine;

combining the exhaust gases from all lean burn cylinders and all rich burn cylinders no later than upon entry of the exhaust gases into said trap; and

producing an exothermic reaction in said trap wherein said NO_x trap is located downstream of catalytic converter means that maintain separation of the exhaust gases from said lean burn cylinders and said rich burn cylinders, and

wherein said gases are combined prior to entry into said trap.

13. The method defined in claim 12 wherein said converter means includes a single catalytic converter including means for maintaining separation of said gases during passage through said single converter, said converter means further including an exhaust pipe for combining said gases and feeding the combined gases to said trap.

14. The method defined in claim 12 wherein said converter means includes a first and second catalytic converters for receiving exhaust gases from said lean burn and rich burn cylinders respectively, said converter means further including an exhaust pipe for combining the gases exiting from said first and second catalytic converters and feeding the combined gases to said trap.

15. The method defined in claim 12 wherein said converter means includes a first and second catalytic converters for receiving exhaust gases from said lean burn and rich burn cylinders respectively, said converter means further including exhaust pipe means for maintaining separation of said gases exiting from said first and second catalytic converters until combining said gases upon entry into said trap.

16. A method of desulfating a NO_x trap located in the exhaust passage of an engine downstream from catalytic converter means, said engine having at least a first and a second cylinder comprising the steps of:

providing a lean fuel mixture to said first cylinder and a rich fuel mixture to said second cylinder; and

maintaining separate paths for the exhaust gases from said first and second cylinders through said converter means until entry into said trap to produce an exothermic reaction in said trap.