Method for electrically producing dispersions of a nonconductive fluid in a conductive medium

• US 5,762,775 A
• Filed: 11/15/1996
• Issued: 06/09/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation), University of Tennessee Research Foundation (University of Tennessee)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission)
• Inventors: DePaoli, David W., Feng, James Q., Tsouris, Constantinos
• Primary Examiner(s): Gorgos, Kathryn L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Leader, William T.
• Application Number:
  US08/751,180
• Time in Patent Office: 571 Days
• Field of Search: 204/554, 204/555, 204/556, 204/558, 204/559, 204/670, 204/671, 239/3, 239/290, 239/300, 239/324, 239/690, 239/690.1, 239/692
• US Class Current: 204/554
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 23/238 using vibrations, electrical or magnetic energy, radiations
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 23/411 using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 33/051 the energy being electrical energy working on the ingredients or compositions for mixing them

Abstract

A method for use in electrically forming dispersions of a nonconducting fluid in a conductive medium that minimizes power consumption, gas generation, and sparking between the electrode of the nozzle and the conductive medium. The method utilizes a nozzle having a passageway, the wall of which serves as the nozzle electrode, for the transport of the nonconducting fluid into the conductive medium. A second passageway provides for the transport of a flowing low conductivity buffer fluid which results in a region of the low conductivity buffer fluid immediately adjacent the outlet from the first passageway to create the necessary protection from high current drain and sparking. An electrical potential difference applied between the nozzle electrode and an electrode in contact with the conductive medium causes formation of small droplets or bubbles of the nonconducting fluid within the conductive medium. A preferred embodiment has the first and second passageways arranged in a concentric configuration, with the outlet tip of the first passageway withdrawn into the second passageway.

Claims

1. A method for electrically forming dispersions of a nonconducting fluid in a conductive medium, said method comprising:

passing the nonconducting fluid through a restricted passageway defined by a first tubular member into the conductive medium, said first tubular member having a first end and a second end, said first end receiving the nonconducting fluid and said second end being disposed within the conductive medium and discharging the nonconducting fluid into the conductive medium;

passing an electrical buffer fluid through an annular passageway having a first end and a second end, said annular passageway defined between said first tubular member and a second tubular member, said first tubular member being received within said second tubular member, said annular passageway first end receiving said electrical buffer fluid and said annular passageway second end being disposed within said conductive medium to a depth greater than said second end of said first tubular member, said electrical buffer fluid forming an electrical buffer region within said conductive medium adjacent said second end of said restricted passageway; and

applying a voltage between said first tubular member and said conductive medium to electrically form dispersions of said nonconductive fluid in said conductive medium.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first tubular member is provided with a central bore of substantially uniform cross-section from said first end to said second end.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said first tubular member includes a metallic tubular member having first and second ends and an insulating casing around said metallic tubular member and extending to said second end of said metallic tubular member to insulate an exterior side surface of said metallic tubular member from the conductive medium.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said insulating casing is a ceramic sleeve closely receiving said metallic tubular member.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said first tubular member is a cylindrical body having an unobstructed substantially cylindrical interior bore, and wherein said second tubular member is a cylindrical body having an interior bore, said interior bore of said second tubular member receiving said first tubular member in coaxial arrangement to define said annular passageway for flow of the electrical buffer fluid.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said annular passageway is provided with an inwardly-directed ridge proximate said second end of said first tubular member to define a venturi region to induce a velocity increase in the flow of the electrical buffer fluid.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said annular passageway is provided with an increased cross-sectional area proximate said second end of said first tubular member.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said first tubular member is conductive whereby substantially no loss of potential occurs between said first end and said second end when a voltage is applied to said first tubular member.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein said second tubular member is fabricated from glass tubing.

10. A method for electrically forming dispersions of a nonconducting fluid in a conductive medium, said method comprising:

passing the nonconducting fluid through a restricted passageway defined by a first tubular member into the conductive medium, said first tubular member having a first end and a second end, said first tubular member being provided with a central bore of substantially uniform cross-section from said first end to said second end, said first end receiving the nonconducting fluid and said second end being disposed within the conductive medium and discharging the nonconducting fluid into the conductive medium, said first tubular member including a metallic tubular member having first and second ends and an insulating casing around said metallic tubular member and extending to said second end of said metallic tubular member to insulate an exterior side surface of said metallic tubular member from the conductive medium,

passing an electrical buffer fluid through an annular passageway having a first end and a second end, said annular passageway defined between said first tubular member and a second tubular member, said first tubular member being received within said second tubular member, said annular passageway first end receiving said electrical buffer fluid and said annular passageway second end being disposed within said conductive medium to a depth greater than said second end of said first tubular member, said electrical buffer fluid forming an electrical buffer region within said conductive medium adjacent said second end of said restricted passageway; and

applying a voltage between said first tubular member and said conductive medium to electrically form dispersions of said nonconductive fluid in said conductive medium.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said first tubular member is a cylindrical body having an unobstructed substantially cylindrical interior bore, and wherein said second tubular member is a cylindrical body having an interior bore, said interior bore of said second tubular member receiving said first tubular member in coaxial arrangement to define said annular passageway for flow of the electrical buffer fluid.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein said annular passageway is provided with an inwardly-directed ridge proximate said second end of said first tubular member to define a venturi region to induce a velocity increase in the flow of the electrical buffer fluid.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said annular passageway is provided with an increased cross-sectional area proximate said second end of said first tubular member.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein said first tubular member is conductive whereby substantially no loss of potential occurs between said first end and said second end when a voltage is applied to said first tubular member.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein said insulating casing is a ceramic sleeve closely receiving said metallic tubular member.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein said second tubular member is fabricated from glass tubing.