Non-imaging electro-optic vehicle sensor apparatus utilizing variance in reflectance

• US 5,764,163 A
• Filed: 09/21/1995
• Issued: 06/09/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Electronics and Space Corp (Leonardo S.p.A.)
• Original Assignee: Electronics and Space Corp (Leonardo S.p.A.)
• Inventors: Wootton, John R., Garcia-Ortiz, Asdrubal, Waldman, Gary
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): LIEU, JULIE BICHNGOC
• Application Number:
  US08/531,467
• Time in Patent Office: 992 Days
• Field of Search: 340/933, 340/934, 340/936, 340/942, 340/905, 340/928, 340/555, 364/436, 364/437, 364/438, 235/384, 701/117, 701/118, 701/119
• US Class Current: 340/934
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/015 with provision for distinguishing between two or more types of vehicles, e.g. between motor-cars and cycles
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/04 using optical or ultrasonic detectors

Abstract

Apparatus (10) for monitoring vehicle (V) usage on a roadway (H). An AC light source (12) comprises either an incandescent or gas discharge light source. The light source has a detectable AC ripple in its output. The light source is mounted or installed above the roadway surface on a conventional light standard (16) or highway information standard (18) such that the light source directs its rumination downwardly onto the roadway. A light detector (34) detects light reflected from off the roadway. Light from the light source together with the collection optics of the light detector define a "footprint" (30) on the roadway surface and vehicles moving over the roadway pass over this footprint. The directed, reflected light has characteristics which are varied in response to passage of a vehicle over the roadway and through a path (X1, X2) of light between the source and detector. A processor (52) processes the reflected light and is responsive to variations in the characteristics of detected, reflected light caused by vehicle passage. The processor is capable of determining the number of vehicles passing over the roadway surface during a predetermined period of time, the speed of the vehicles, and the type of a vehicle. Further, the detector and processor are sensitive to changes in atmospheric conditions to adjust detection thresholds so the apparatus maintains its responsiveness to the passage of vehicles.

Claims

1. Apparatus monitoring vehicle usage of a multi-lane roadway comprising:

at least one AC powered light source for each roadway lane, and means for powering each of said light sources;

means for mounting said light sources above a multi-lane roadway surface such that incident light from said light sources is directed downwardly onto said surface and reflected off said surface, the incident light having a predetermined waveform amplitude which is a function of the AC power source for the light source;

at least one detector means for detecting the passage of a vehicle regardless of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling, each detector including a single optical detector detecting said reflected light, the incident light from each light source and the optical characteristics of an associated optical detector define a footprint on the respective lanes of the roadway over which vehicles pass, the waveform amplitude of the reflected light being varied in response to reflection of the light from the roadway surface and passage of a vehicle over said footprint on the roadway and through a path of light between the light source and said detector means, said detector means capable of observing said waveform amplitude, the reflected light from said roadway surface also effected by changes in ambient atmospheric conditions including light from the headlights of a vehicle, each detector means capable of detecting the change effects, and including means for changing a threshold of light detection as a function of changes in the ambient light conditions and the transition from day to night and vice versa; and

a processor means for processing the reflected light and any variation in the waveform amplitude of the AC component of the light caused by passage of a vehicle over the roadway to determine the number of vehicles passing over the roadway surface during a predetermined period of time thereby for a traffic controller to control traffic flow of vehicles over the roadway.

2. Apparatus for monitoring vehicle highway usage and for providing information indicative of the passage of a vehicle over the highway, the type of vehicle, and the vehicle'"'"'s speed, comprising:

a light source providing light having a predetermined set of light characteristics;

means for mounting said light source above the highway with said light source directing its lumination downwardly onto the highway with incident light from said light source being reflected off a surface of the highway;

first detector means, a second detector means, and a third detector means for detecting reflected light from said light source, the reflected light from said surface having light characteristics which vary in response to passage of a vehicle over the highway and through respective first and second paths of light which are created between said light source and the respective detector means; and

,

processor means processing reflected light detected by each of said detector means and variations in the light characteristics thereof caused by passage of a vehicle, said processor means processing said detected light to determine passage of a vehicle, the vehicle type, and the vehicle'"'"'s speed, and vehicle acceleration to enable a traffic controller to determine highway usage at any given time and control traffic flow of vehicles over the highway.

3. A method of monitoring vehicle usage on a multi-lane roadway comprising:

mounting at least one light source above each lane of the roadway and emitting light from the light source such that the light is directed downwardly onto the roadway with incident light from the light source being reflected off a surface of the roadway;

detecting through at least one optical detector for each lane, emitted light from the light source associated with each lane reflected off the roadway surface and ambient light on the roadway surface including light from vehicle headlights, each optical detector and the light from each associated light source directed at the roadway surface defining a footprint on the roadway surface over which vehicles pass, the reflected light having an AC ripple, whose amplitude is a function of an AC power source for the light, said amplitude varying in response to reflection of the light from the roadway surface and the passage of a vehicle over the defined footprint and through a path of light between the light source and the optical detector;

adjusting a threshold of light detection in accordance with changes in the ambient light conditions and the change from day to night and vice versa;

filtering the detected light to filter out light of a wavelength other than that from each light source;

amplifying said filtered light to produce an analog output signal;

converting said analog output signal to a digital signal; and

processing the digital signal to detect variations in the amplitude of the AC ripple caused by the passage of a vehicle to determine the number, speed, and type of vehicles passing over each lane of the roadway during a predetermined period of time, regardless of the lane in which the vehicles travel.

4. A method for detecting vehicle usage passage over a road and for determining the type of vehicle and the vehicle'"'"'s speed comprising:

providing an AC light source;

powering said light source from an AC power source;

mounting said light source above the road for light from said light source to be directed downwardly onto a road surface with incident light from said source being reflected off the surface, incident light from said light source including an AC ripple whose frequency is a function of the AC power source;

detecting light from said light source using a first detector means, a second detector means, and a third detector means, the amplitude of the AC ripple in the light reflected from the road varying in response to passage of a vehicle over the road and through respective paths of light created between said light source and each of the respective detector means; and

,

processing said detected light using processor means processing the reflected light detected by each from each of said detector means and variations in the amplitude of the AC ripple caused by passage of a vehicle, said processing of said detected light providing information used to determine passage of a vehicle, the vehicle'"'"'s type, and the vehicle'"'"'s speed and acceleration.

5. In a multi-lane highway over which different types of vehicles travel, the volume of vehicles traveling over the highway differing at different times of the day and night, and the speed and acceleration of the vehicles also differing, a method for determining the vehicle usage at any one time for a highway controller to control traffic flow of vehicles over the highway comprising:

installing an AC light source over each lane of the highway;

supplying AC power to the light sources to power the lights;

mounting respective first and second light detector means with each said light source;

linearly spacing the respective detector means apart from their associated light source along a longitudinal centerline of the lane;

directing light from each light source downwardly onto a surface of the highway with incident light from each source being reflected off the highway surface, the incident light from each light source including an AC ripple whose frequency is a function of the AC power source;

detecting the reflected light from each light source using said first and second light detector means, the amplitude of the AC ripple in the reflected light varying in response to passage of a vehicle over the highway and through respective first and second non-convergent paths of light created by a light source and said detector means;

adjusting a threshold of light detection of the detector means as a function of changes in ambient light conditions and the transition from day to night and vice versa; and

,

processing the reflected light detected from the respective detector means and variations in the AC ripple therein caused by passage of a vehicle, processing of the detected light by the processor means being used to determine passage of the vehicle, the vehicle type, and the vehicle'"'"'s speed thereby to enable a traffic controller to control traffic flow.