Tracking system using radio frequency signals

• US 5,771,002 A
• Filed: 03/21/1997
• Issued: 06/23/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/21/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Inventors: Clausen, Bryan L. Sr., Clausen, Bryan Jr., Wahl, Marvin L., Clausen, Mery, Creek, William R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pope, Daryl C.
• Application Number:
  US08/822,111
• Time in Patent Office: 459 Days
• Field of Search: 340/539, 340/571, 340/572, 340/573, 340/825.36, 340/825.49, 455/49.1, 455/53.1, 455/67.7, 455/88-90, 455/100
• US Class Current: 340/539.21
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0222 Message structure or message content, e.g. message protocol
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0227 System arrangements with a plurality of child units
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/023 Power management, e.g. system sleep and wake up provisions
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0247 System arrangements wherein the alarm criteria uses signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0263 System arrangements wherein the object is to detect the direction in which child or item is located
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0294 Display details on parent unit
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/24 Reminder alarms, e.g. anti-loss alarms
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/007 Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols

Abstract

A tracking system comprising multiple satellite units and a master unit for selectively and individually locating each satellite unit. Each satellite unit receives a search signal from the master unit and transmits a response signal to the master unit when the search signal contains a search identity code which matches a unique identity code of the satellite unit. The master unit has user controls for selecting any one of the satellite units to be located and a memory for storing the unique identity code of each satellite unit. The master unit also has an indicator circuit for indicating the strength of the response signal and a display and speaker for visually and audibly indicating the strength to a user. The master unit is programmed such that when the user selects one of satellite units to be located, the master unit transmits a search signal having a search identity code which matches the unique identity code of the selected satellite unit. The tracking system also preferably includes a passive re-radiating strip to be attached to an object to be tracked. The strip receives signals from the master unit at a fundamental frequency and re-radiates the signals at a multiple of the fundamental frequency. The master unit indicates the strength of the re-radiated signals to the user, enabling the user to locate the strip.

Claims

1. A tracking system comprising:

a) a satellite unit having;

i) first memory means for storing a unique identity code of the satellite unit;

ii) first receiving means for receiving a coded radio frequency search signal;

iii) first transmitting means for transmitting a coded radio frequency response signal, wherein the search signal includes a search identity code and a pseudo-random delay code, and wherein the response signal includes the unique identity code of the satellite unit;

iv) first control means connected to the first memory means, the first receiving means, and the first transmitting means for decoding the search signal, for determining whether the search identity code matches the unique identity code, for calculating a delay period from the delay code, and for controlling the first transmitting means such that the first transmitting means transmits the response signal at the end of the delay period only when the search identity code matches the unique identity code; and

b) a master unit having;

i) user controls for selecting the satellite unit to be located;

ii) second memory means for storing the unique identity code of the satellite unit and a series of numbers from which to select the delay code;

iii) second transmitting means for transmitting the search signal;

iv) second receiving means for receiving the response signal, wherein the second receiving means includes signal strength means for determining a strength of the response signal;

v) second control means connected to the user controls, the second memory means, the second transmitting means, and the second receiving means for selecting the delay code from the series of numbers and for controlling the second transmitting means such that when a user of the master unit selects the satellite unit to be located, the second transmitting means transmits the search signal with the selected delay code and with the search identity code matching the unique identity code of the satellite unit; and

vi) indicator means connected to the signal strength means for indicating to the user the strength of the response signal, wherein the second receiving means comprises a directional antenna oriented in the master unit such that the response signal received by the master unit is strongest when the master unit is pointed directly at the satellite unit.

2. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the master unit further has a third transmitting means connected to the second control means for transmitting a third radio frequency signal, the tracking system further comprises a re-radiating strip for re-radiating the third signal such that the re-radiated signal is received by the second receiving means, the signal strength means further includes means for determining a strength of the re-radiated signal, the user controls further include strip control means for instructing the master unit to transmit the third signal, the second control means includes means for controlling the third transmitting means such that the third transmitting means transmits the third signal when the user activates the strip control means, and the indicator means includes means for indicating to the user the strength of the re-radiated signal.

3. The tracking system of claim 2, wherein the re-radiating strip comprises a first dipole antenna for receiving the third signal from the master unit at a fundamental frequency and a second dipole antenna connected to the first dipole antenna for re-radiating a second harmonic of the third signal at a second frequency substantially equal to twice the fundamental frequency.

4. The tracking system of claim 3, wherein the first dipole antenna has a first electrical length substantially equal to one half of the wavelength of the third signal at the fundamental frequency and the second dipole antenna has a second electrical length substantially equal to one fourth of the wavelength of the third signal at the fundamental frequency.

5. The tracking system of claim 3, wherein the first transmitting means of the satellite unit is adapted to transmit the response signal at a third frequency substantially equal to the second frequency.

6. The tracking system of claim 2, wherein the re-radiating strip includes a housing having an adhesive backing for affixing the strip to an object to be located.

7. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the indicator means comprises a visual indicator means for visually indicating the strength of the response signal.

8. The tracking system of claim 7, wherein the visual indicator means comprises a bar graph display means for displaying a bar graph having a plurality of individually lightable bars, and wherein the number of lit bars indicates the strength of the response signal.

9. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the indicator means comprises an audible indicator means for audibly indicating the strength of the response signal.

10. The tracking system of claim 9, wherein the audible indicator means comprises an audio transducer means for emitting tones at a variable tone rate, and wherein the tone rate indicates the strength of the response signal.

11. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the indicator means has a plurality of resolution ranges, the master unit further includes user range control means connected to the indicator means for selecting any one of the resolution ranges, and the indicator means further includes means for indicating the strength of the response signal in dependence upon the resolution range selected.

12. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the second control means includes additional control means for decoding the response signal, for determining whether the unique identity code matches the search identity code last transmitted by the master unit, and for controlling the indicator means such that the indicator means only indicates the strength of the response signal to the user when the unique identity code matches the search identity code last transmitted by the master unit.

13. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the satellite unit further includes a housing and a fastener attached to the housing for securing the satellite unit to a wearer, and wherein the first receiving means comprises an antenna integrated with the fastener.

14. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the satellite unit further includes an alert means connected to the first control means for alerting a wearer of the satellite unit that the search signal has been received, and wherein the first control means includes means for controlling the alert means such that the alert means alerts the wearer only when the search identity code matches the unique identity code.

15. The tracking system of claim 14, wherein the alert means comprises a visual alert means for emitting a flashing signal.

16. The tracking system of claim 14, wherein the alert means comprises an audible alert means for emitting an audible tone.

17. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the satellite unit further includes a response button connected to the first control means, the response signal further includes a status bit indicating whether the response button has been pushed, and the master unit further includes response button indication means connected to the second control means for indicating to the user that the response button has been pushed.

18. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the satellite unit further includes a power supply and a sensing means connected to the power supply and the first control means for monitoring a voltage level of the power supply, the response signal further includes a status bit indicating a voltage status of the power supply, and the master unit further includes low power supply indication means connected to the second control means for indicating to the user that the power supply has a low voltage status.

19. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the satellite further comprises a housing, a power supply, and a tamper proof on/off switch for alternately connecting and disconnecting the power supply from the first receiving means, the first transmitting means, and the first control means, the switch comprising a switch handle and a latch, the switch handle being located on an outside surface of the housing and having first and second positions thereon, the latch having a first end attached to the housing and a free end, and the latch being attached to the housing such that when the latch is substantially flush with the outside surface, the free end locks the switch handle in the first position and such that when the free end is lifted away from the outside surface, the switch handle may be moved under the free end to the second position.

20. The tracking system of claim 1, wherein the master unit further includes a power supply, a sensing means connected to the power supply and the second control means for monitoring a voltage level of the power supply, and a low power supply indication means connected to the second control means for indicating to the user that the power supply has a low voltage status.

21. A tracking system comprising:

a) a re-radiating strip for re-radiating a radio frequency search signal; and

b) a master unit having a transmitting means for transmitting said search signal, a user control means for instructing said master unit to transmit said search signal, and a receiving means for receiving the re-radiated signal from said strip, said receiving means including a signal strength means for determining a strength of the re-radiated signal, said master unit also having a second control means connected to said user control means, said transmitting means, and said receiving means for controlling said transmitting means such that said transmitting means transmits said search signal when a user of said master unit activates said user control means, and said master unit further having an indicator means connected to said signal strength means for indicating to the user the strength of the re-radiated signal.

22. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said re-radiating strip comprises a first dipole antenna for receiving said search signal from said master unit at a fundamental frequency and a second dipole antenna connected to said first dipole antenna for re-radiating a second harmonic of said search signal at a second frequency substantially equal to twice the fundamental frequency.

23. The tracking system of claim 22, wherein said first dipole antenna has a first electrical length substantially equal to one half of the wavelength of said search signal at said fundamental frequency and said second dipole antenna has a second electrical length substantially equal to one fourth of the wavelength of said search signal at said fundamental frequency.

24. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said re-radiating strip includes a housing having an adhesive backing for adhesively affixing said strip to an object to be located.

25. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said receiving means comprises a directional antenna oriented in said master unit such that the re-radiated signal received by said master unit is strongest when said master unit is pointed directly at said strip.

26. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said indicator means comprises a visual indicator means for visually indicating the strength of the re-radiated signal.

27. The tracking system of claim 26, wherein said visual indicator means comprises a bar graph display means for displaying a bar graph having a plurality of individually lightable bars, and wherein the number of lit bars indicates the strength of the re-radiated signal.

28. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said indicator means comprises an audible indicator means for audibly indicating the strength of the re-radiated signal.

29. The tracking system of claim 28, wherein said audible indicator means comprises an audio transducer means for emitting tones at a variable tone rate, and wherein the tone rate indicates the strength of the re-radiated signal.

30. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said indicator means has a plurality of resolution ranges, said master unit further includes user range control means connected to said indicator means for selecting any one of said resolution ranges, and said indicator means further includes means for indicating the strength of the re-radiated signal in dependence upon the resolution range selected.

31. The tracking system of claim 21, wherein said master unit further includes a power supply, a sensing means connected to said power supply and said second control means for monitoring a voltage level of said power supply, and a low power supply indication means connected to said second control means for indicating to the user that said power supply has a low voltage status.