Real time clock and method for providing same

• US 5,771,180 A
• Filed: 09/30/1994
• Issued: 06/23/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Culbert, Michael F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Trammell, James P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VO, HIEN XUAN
• Application Number:
  US08/315,938
• Time in Patent Office: 1,362 Days
• Field of Search: 364/557, 364/569, 364/571.03-571.05, 331/65, 331/66, 331/158, 331/176
• US Class Current: 702/130
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 5/06 using piezoelectric resonators
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 3/02 Circuits for deriving low frequency timing pulses from pulses of higher frequency pulse frequency dividers in general H03K23/00 - H03K29/00

Abstract

A real time clock includes an oscillator, a digital counter, a temperature sensor, and a digital processor. The digital processor can read the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and utilize this information to generate an adjustment value for the digital counter. The digital counter is coupled to the digital processor and has an adjustment stage which the digital processor writes into in order to compensate for any oscillator error due to temperature variation. The digital processor may also be coupled to memory storing a temperature adjustment look-up table for use in generating the adjustment value. A method of the present invention includes the initial steps of generating an adjustment look-up table and storing it in non-volatile memory. A method of the present invention further includes the ongoing steps of measuring an ambient temperature, generating an adjustment value, adjusting the digital counter to improve the accuracy of the real time clock, and storing a new alarm time for a future adjustment.

Claims

1. A real time clock comprising:

an oscillator developing an oscillator signal;

a digital counter having an oscillator input coupled to said oscillator signal, a counter adjustment input, and a real time counter register which provides a count value that can represent a current time;

a temperature measurement circuit operative to measure an ambient temperature and provide a digital temperature value; and

a digital processor operative to use said temperature value to provide a counter adjustment signal, said digital processor being further operative to read said real time counter register and providing said current time.

2. A real time clock as recited in claim 1 wherein said digital counter has only a single oscillator input, and wherein said oscillator signal is provided at a single frequency.

7. A real time clock as recited in claim 1 wherein said temperature circuit system includes:

a temperature transducer having a temperature variable analog signal; and

an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to said analog signal for providing said digital temperature value.

8. A real time clock as recited in claim 7 wherein said digital processor is further coupled to a memory storing a temperature adjustment look-up table, and wherein said digital processor is further responsive to said temperature adjustment look-up table to provide said counter adjustment signal.

3. A real time clock comprising:

an oscillator developing an oscillator signal, said oscillator signal provided at a frequency less than 4 megahertz (MHz);

a digital counter having only a single oscillator input coupled to said oscillator signal, a counter adjustment input, and a real time counter register which provides a count value that can represent a current time;

a temperature measurement circuit operative to measure an ambient temperature and provide a digital temperature value; and

a digital processor operative to use said temperature value to provide a counter adjustment signal, said digital processor being further operative to read said real time counter register and providing said current time.

4. A real time clock as recited in claim 3 wherein said single frequency of said oscillator is less than 1 MHz.

5. A real time clock as recited in claim 3 wherein said single frequency of said oscillator is less than 100 kilohertz (kHz).

6. A real time clock as recited in claim 3 wherein said single frequency is in the range of 20-50 kHz.

9. A real time clock comprising:

an oscillator developing an oscillator signal;

a digital counter having an oscillator input coupled to said oscillator signal, a counter adjustment input, a real time counter register which provides a count value that can represent a current time, an adjustment stage, a counter register stage and an alarm stage;

a temperature measurement circuit operative to measure an ambient temperature and provide a digital temperature value; and

a digital processor operative to use said temperature value to provide a counter adjustment signal, said digital processor being further operative to read said real time counter register and providing said current time.

10. A real time clock as recited in claim 9 wherein said adjustment stage is responsive to said oscillator signal and said counter adjustment signal, and wherein said counter adjustment signal includes an integer adjustment signal and a fractional adjustment signal.

11. A real time clock as recited in claim 10 wherein said adjustment stage includes a fractional adjuster responsive to said oscillator signal and said fractional adjustment signal and operative to produce a fractionally adjusted signal, and an integer adjuster responsive to said fractionally adjusted signal and said integer adjusted signal and operative to produce a fully adjusted signal.

12. A real time clock as recited in claim 11 wherein said real time counter register is coupled to said fully adjusted signal, and wherein said real time counter register is a part of a self-reloading upcounter.

13. A real time clock as recited in claim 12 wherein said self-reloading upcounter can be loaded by said digital processor with a current time value.

14. A real time clock as recited in claim 9 wherein said alarm stage comprises a comparitor for comparing said current time value with a comparison value, and for producing an alarm signal when said current time value and said comparison value have a given numerical relationship.

15. A computer system with a real time clock comprising:

a central processing unit (CPU);

digital memory coupled to said CPU;

an oscillator providing an oscillator signal;

a digital counter having an oscillator input coupled to said oscillator signal, a counter adjustment input, and a real time counter register accessible by said CPU which provides a count value that can represent a current time;

a temperature measurement circuit operative to measure an ambient temperature and provide a digital temperature value accessible by said CPU; and

counter adjustment means implemented on said CPU for providing said counter adjustment signal to said digital counter in response to said digital temperature value.

16. A computer system as recited in claim 15 wherein said CPU, said digital memory, and said digital counter are coupled to a common bus.

17. A computer system as recited in claim 16 wherein said digital memory includes non-volatile memory and volatile memory.

18. A computer system as recited in claim 17 wherein said temperature measurement circuit includes:

a temperature transducer having a temperature variable analog signal; and

an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to said analog signal for providing said digital temperature value.

19. A computer system as recited in claim 18 wherein said digital counter has only a single oscillator input, and wherein said oscillator signal is provided at a single frequency.

20. A computer system as recited in claim 19 wherein a temperature adjustment look-up table is stored in said non-volatile memory, and wherein said counter adjustment means utilizes said look-up table to provide said counter adjustment signal.

21. A computer system as recited in claim 20 wherein said non-volatile memory includes non-volatile read-only memory and non-volatile read/write memory, and further including calibration data stored in said non-volatile read/write memory which is further used by said counter adjustment means to provide said counter adjustment signal.

22. A computer system with a real time clock comprising:

a central processing unit (CPU);

digital memory coupled to said CPU, said digital memory including non-volatile memory and volatile memory;

a temperature adjustment look-up table stored in said non-volatile memory;

an oscillator providing an oscillator signal a single frequency;

a digital counter having only a single oscillator input coupled to said oscillator signal, a counter adjustment input, and a real time counter register accessible by said CPU which provides a count value that can represent a current time, wherein said CPU, said digital memory, and said digital counter are coupled to a common bus;

a temperature measurement circuit including a temperature transducer having a temperature variable analog signal and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to said analog signal for providing said digital temperature value, wherein said temperature measurement circuit is operative to measure an ambient temperature and provide a digital temperature value accessible by said CPU; and

counter adjustment means implemented on said CPU for providing said counter adjustment signal to said digital counter in response to said digital temperature value, wherein said counter adjustment means utilizes said look-up table to provide said counter adjustment signal.

23. A computer system as recited in claim 22 wherein said adjustment stage is responsive to said oscillator signal and said counter adjustment signal, and wherein said counter adjustment signal includes an integer adjustment signal and a fractional adjustment signal.

24. A computer system as recited in claim 23 wherein said adjustment stage includes a fractional adjuster responsive to said oscillator signal and said fractional adjustment signal and operative to produce a fractionally adjusted signal, and an integer adjuster responsive to said fractionally adjusted signal and said integer adjusted signal and operative to produce a fully adjusted signal.

25. A computer system as recited in claim 24 wherein said fractional adjuster includes a downcounter having an input coupled to said oscillator signal and an overflow signal, and a register having a first input coupled to said fractional adjustment signal and a second input coupled to said overflow signal, said register being coupled to said downcounter to load said downcounter, and a gate having said overflow signal and said oscillator signal as inputs and said fully adjusted signal as an output.

26. A computer system as recited in claim 25 wherein said real time counter register is coupled to said fully adjusted signal, and wherein said real time counter register is a part of a self-reloading upcounter.

27. A computer system as recited in claim 26 wherein said self-reloading upcounter can be loaded by said counter adjustment means with a current time value.

28. A computer system as recited in claim 27 wherein said alarm stage comprises a comparitor for comparing said current time value with a comparison value, and for producing an alarm signal when said current time value and said comparison value have a given numerical relationship.

29. A computer system as recited in claim 28 wherein said comparison value can be loaded by said counter adjustment means.

30. A computer system as recited in claim 29 wherein said alarm is an interrupt signal provided to said CPU.