Prosthetic heart valve with improved blood flow
First Claim
1. A prosthetic heart valve which comprisesa generally tubular valve body having an interior sidewall which defines a central passageway therethrough for blood flow in a downstream direction, said passageway having an axial centerline and being generally circular in cross section except for a pair of diametrically opposed flat interior sidewall surfaces,means surrounding said tubular valve body for mounting said valve in association with a human heart, andat least two leaflets, each having a rectilinear inflow surface and a rectilinear outflow surface, said leaflets being mounted in said valve body to open and close together to alternately permit flow of blood therethrough in a downstream direction when in an open orientation and to block the reverse flow of blood in an upstream direction when in a closed orientation,said valve body and said leaflets being interconnected via a pivot arrangement by which said leaflets are guided in movement between said open and closed orientations, said pivot arrangement being such that said rectilinear outflow and inflow surfaces assume an alignment substantially parallel to said valve passageway axial centerline when said leaflets are in a fully open orientation, and such that upstream translation thereof causes a positive pivoting movement toward said closed orientation,said valve body having an upstream entrance end section formed with an interior surface that has a radius of curvature in a plane which contains said axial centerline between about 28% and about 80% of said central passageway radius, which entrance end connects to a downstream cylindrical section which has an axial length greater than the axial length of said entrance end section,whereby downstream blood flow through said valve central passageway in said open orientation is of a streamlined nature and pressure drop across said heart valve is low.
9 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A prosthetic heart valve is shown which incorporates a valve body design and leaflet pivot arrangements that minimize turbulence and shear stresses having a tendency to generate thrombosis. A valve body having an axially curved entrance that is smoothly joined to a generally cylindrical body of extended axial length provides excellent fluid flow characteristics when combined with leaflets that can assume orientations perfectly aligned with the downstream flow of blood. By constructing such a pyrocarbon valve body which receives a metal ring at an appropriate location, suture rings that permit the tissue annulus to directly contact the exterior surface of the cylindrical valve body are accommodated.
86 Citations
20 Claims
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1. A prosthetic heart valve which comprises
a generally tubular valve body having an interior sidewall which defines a central passageway therethrough for blood flow in a downstream direction, said passageway having an axial centerline and being generally circular in cross section except for a pair of diametrically opposed flat interior sidewall surfaces, means surrounding said tubular valve body for mounting said valve in association with a human heart, and at least two leaflets, each having a rectilinear inflow surface and a rectilinear outflow surface, said leaflets being mounted in said valve body to open and close together to alternately permit flow of blood therethrough in a downstream direction when in an open orientation and to block the reverse flow of blood in an upstream direction when in a closed orientation, said valve body and said leaflets being interconnected via a pivot arrangement by which said leaflets are guided in movement between said open and closed orientations, said pivot arrangement being such that said rectilinear outflow and inflow surfaces assume an alignment substantially parallel to said valve passageway axial centerline when said leaflets are in a fully open orientation, and such that upstream translation thereof causes a positive pivoting movement toward said closed orientation, said valve body having an upstream entrance end section formed with an interior surface that has a radius of curvature in a plane which contains said axial centerline between about 28% and about 80% of said central passageway radius, which entrance end connects to a downstream cylindrical section which has an axial length greater than the axial length of said entrance end section, whereby downstream blood flow through said valve central passageway in said open orientation is of a streamlined nature and pressure drop across said heart valve is low.
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8. A prosthetic heart valve which comprises
a generally tubular valve body having an upstream end, a downstream end and an interior sidewall which defines a central passageway therethrough for blood flow in a downstream direction, said passageway having an axial centerline and being generally circular in cross section, means surrounding said tubular valve body for mounting said valve in association with a human heart, and at least one occluder having a rectilinear inflow surface and a rectilinear outflow surface, said occluder being mounted in said valve body to open and close to alternately permit flow of blood therethrough in a downstream direction when in an open orientation and to block reverse flow of blood in an upstream direction when in a closed orientation, said valve body and said occluder being interconnected via a pivot arrangement by which said occluder is guided in movement between said open and closed orientations, said pivot arrangement being such that upstream translation of said occluder causes its positive pivoting movement toward said closed orientation, and said valve body having an upstream entrance end section formed with an interior surface that has a radius of curvature in a plane which contains said axial centerline between about 28% and about 80% of said central passageway radius, which entrance end section connects to a downstream cylindrical section which has an axial length greater than an axial length of said entrance end section and which has a major cylindrical exterior surface of exterior diameter Dv extending to said downstream end, and said upstream entrance end section having an exterior diameter that is at least about 6% greater than Dv, whereby downstream blood flow through said valve central passageway in said open orientation is of a streamlined nature.
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19. A prosthetic heart valve for replacement of a defective aortic valve comprising
a generally tubular valve body having an interior sidewall which defines a central passageway therethrough for blood flow in a downstream direction, said passageway having an axial centerline and being generally circular in cross section having a first radius, suture ring means surrounding said tubular valve body for mounting said valve in association with a human heart, and occluder means having a rectilinear inflow surface portion and a rectilinear outflow surface portion, which occluder means is mounted in said valve body to open and close to alternately permit flow of blood therethrough in a downstream direction when in an open orientation and to block the reverse flow of blood in an upstream direction when in a closed orientation, said valve body and said occluder means being interconnected via a pivot arrangement by which said occluder means is guided in movement between said open and closed orientations, said valve body having an upstream entrance end section formed with an interior surface that has a radius of curvature in a plane which contains said axial centerline between about 28% and about 80% of said first radius, which entrance end section connects to a downstream cylindrical section which has an axial length greater than the axial length of said entrance end section, whereby downstream blood flow through said valve central passageway in said open orientation is of a streamlined nature so pressure drop across said heart valve is low, said entrance end section having an exterior circumferential surface that is concave and toroidal, and said suture ring means being so located axially along the exterior surface of said valve body that a tissue annulus raw edge lies in direct contact with said concave toroidal exterior circumferential surface when said heart valve is implanted in a patient.
Specification