Method of managing the transmission of messages from a set of transmitters to a single receiver on a single channel

• US 5,774,459 A
• Filed: 11/13/1995
• Issued: 06/30/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Gemalto SA (Thales SA)
• Original Assignee: Gemplus International SA (Thales SA)
• Inventors: Charrat, Bruno
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): RAO, SEEMA SRINIVAS
• Application Number:
  US08/553,356
• Time in Patent Office: 960 Days
• Field of Search: 370/95.1, 370/95.3, 370/240, 370/246, 370/288, 370/294, 370/445, 370/447, 370/449, 370/450, 370/459, 370/461, 370/462, 379/28, 379/59, 379/63, 455/54.1, 455/56.1, 455/507, 455/509, 371/30, 371/31, 371/32, 375/211, 375/213, 375/219, 375/220
• US Class Current: 370/310
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0022 arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device "transfer between computer elements G06F13/00 "; data-transmission H04L
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10049 binary tree
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/403 with centralised control, e.g. polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4035 in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit TDM/TDMA multiplex systems per se H04J3/1694; hybrid switching systems H04L12/64
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]

Abstract

Methods that enable the simple management of the unilateral exchanges of messages between a highly simplified set of transmitters and a single receiver, this transmission being done on a single channel.

It consists in providing for the transmission, by the receiver (100), of the simplest possible binary signal indicating that the channel is busy as soon as a message from one of the transmitters is detected. Reception of said signal by the other transmitters (102-104) prevents them from transmitting. Risks of collision between messages from different transmitters are handled by a set of test (Tt) and standby (Tv, Ta, Tl) periods. The busy signal may be a simple modulated carrier in the case, for example, of microwave transmission.

It provides for the efficient management of badge-based systems such as access control systems.

Claims

1. A method of managing the transmission of messages from first, second and third transmitters to a single receiver on a single channel, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving, at the receiver, a transmission from the first transmitter,

sending, from the receiver to the second and third transmitters, a binary information element indicating that the channel is busy, the binary information element being sent when the receiver receives the transmission from the first transmitter and continuing at least throughout the period of transmission by the first transmitter,

receiving the binary information element at the second and third transmitters, and in response inhibiting any attempted transmission by the second and third transmitters,

completing the transmission from the first transmitter to the receiver,

preparing, at the second transmitter, to make a transmission from the second transmitter to the receiver, including the steps of;

testing the state of engagement of the channel for a first time, and then

if the first test indicates that the channel is busy, then repeating the first testing step, and

if the first test indicates that the channel is free, then entering into a state of standby for a random period, and then

testing the state of engagement of the channel for a second time, and then

if the second test indicates that the channel is free, then sending the transmission from the second transmitter to the receiver, and

if the second test indicates that the channel is busy, then entering into a state of standby for a period substantially equal to the average period of transmission of a message from one of the transmitters to the receiver and thereafter returning to the first testing step; and

wherein the first, second and third transmitters are each approximately the size and weight of a credit card.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the receiver continues to transmit the binary information element when the reception of the message transmitted by the first transmitter is wrong, and wherein the first transmitter recommences the same transmission until it is received accurately and within the limit of a predetermined number of times.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein, when the second transmitter completes its transmission, the second transmitter goes into a standby state for a period long enough to enable several other transmitters to transmit in turn.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the binary information element indicating the state of engagement of the channel is a non-modulated carrier.

5. A method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of rectifying the non-modulated carrier to form a DC voltage, the rectifying step being performed at the second transmitter,

and wherein the second transmitter detects the binary information element, and thereby detects that the channel is busy, by detecting the DC voltage.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third transmitters are identification badges.

7. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of providing each of the first, second and third transmitters with a loop reception antenna coupled to a diode and a resistor, and wherein the binary information element is received in the second and third transmitters by the loop reception antenna.

8. A method of managing the transmission of messages from first, second and third transmitters to a receiver, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a single channel over which the first, second and third transmitters transmit to the receiver, the channel being formed by a radiofrequency communication channel;

sending a first message from the first transmitter to the receiver over the channel;

receiving the first message at the receiver and, in response, transmitting a busy signal from the receiver to the second and third transmitters, the busy signal indicating that the channel is busy and is not available for the second and third transmitters to transmit messages to the receiver, the busy signal continuing at least throughout the period of transmission of the first message by the first transmitter, and the busy signal being transmitted as a binary information element on a dedicated communication channel;

receiving the busy signal at the second and third transmitters, and in response inhibiting any attempted transmission by the second and third transmitters at least until the first message has been received;

completing the transmission from the first transmitter to the receiver; and

preparing, at the second transmitter, to make a transmission from the second transmitter to the receiver, including the steps of

testing the state of engagement of the channel for a first time by testing for the presence of the busy signal, and then

if the first test indicates that the channel is busy, then repeating the first testing step, and

if the first test indicates that the channel is free, then entering into a standby state for a first period, and then

testing the state of engagement of the channel for a second time by testing for the presence of the busy signal, and then

if the second test indicates that the channel is free, then sending the transmission from the second transmitter to the receiver, and

if the second test indicates that the channel is busy, then entering into a standby state for a second period and thereafter returning to the first testing step; and

wherein the first, second and third transmitters are each approximately the size and weight of a credit card.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the receiver continues to transmit the busy signal when the reception of the message transmitted by the first transmitter is wrong, and wherein the first transmitter recommences the same transmission until it is received accurately and within the limit of a predetermined number of times.

10. A method according to claim 8 wherein, when the second transmitter completes its transmission, the second transmitter goes into a standby state for a period long enough to enable several other transmitters to transmit in turn.

11. A method according to claim 8, wherein the binary information element indicating the state of engagement of the channel is a non-modulated carrier.

12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of rectifying the non-modulated carrier to form a DC voltage, the rectifying step being performed at the second transmitter,

and wherein the second transmitter detects the binary information element, and thereby detects that the channel is busy, by detecting the DC voltage.

13. A method according to claim 9, wherein the first, second and third transmitters are identification badges.

14. A method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of providing each of the first, second and third transmitters with a loop reception antenna coupled to a diode and a resistor, and wherein the binary information element is received in the second and third transmitters by the loop reception antenna.

15. A method according to claim 9, wherein the first period is a period of random duration and wherein the second period is substantially equal to the average period of transmission of a message from one of the transmitters to the receiver.

16. A system for transmitting messages from first and second identification badges to a single receiver on a single communication channel, the system comprising:

the receiver, including an oscillator which emits an unmodulated electromagnetic signal when the receiver is receiving a first message from the first identification badge, the unmodulated electromagnetic signal indicating to the second identification badge whether the channel is available,

the first identification badge, including a first transmitter which is electromagnetically coupled with the receiver on the channel and which transmits the first message to the receiver,

the second identification badge, including a second transmitter which is electromagnetically coupled with the receiver on the channel, the second transmitter having a rectifier which receives the unmodulated electromagnetic signal from the receiver, the unmodulated electromagnetic signal inhibiting the second transmitter from transmitting a second message to the receiver until the first message has been transmitted, and

wherein the first and second identification badges substantially always tests the availability of the channel at least twice before attempting to transmit a message.

17. A system according to claim 16, wherein the first and second identification badges are approximately the size and weight of a credit card.

18. A system according to claim 16, wherein each of the first and second identification badges include means for preparing to send a transmission to the receiver, the preparing means including means for

testing the availability of the channel for a first time by testing for the presence of the unmodulated electromagnetic signal, and then

if the first test indicates that the channel is not available, then repeating the first test, and

if the first test indicates that the channel is available, then entering into a state of standby for a period of random duration, and then testing the availability of the channel for a second time by testing for the presence of the unmodulated electromagnetic signal, and then

if the second test indicates that the channel is available, then sending the transmission to the receiver, and

if the second test indicates that the channel is not available, then entering into a state of standby for a period substantially equal to the average period of transmission of a message from one of the transmitters to the receiver and thereafter returning to the first test.

19. A system for transmitting messages from first and second transmitters to a single receiver on a single communication channel, the system comprising:

the receiver, including an oscillator which emits an unmodulated electromagnetic signal when the receiver is receiving a first message from the first transmitter, the unmodulated electromagnetic signal indicating to the second transmitter whether the channel is available,

the first transmitter, which has approximately the size and weight of a credit card, which is electromagnetically coupled with the receiver on the channel, and which transmits the first message to the receiver, and

the second transmitter, which has approximately the size and weight of a credit card, which is electromagnetically coupled with the receiver on the channel, and which has a rectifier which receives the unmodulated electromagnetic signal from the receiver, the unmodulated electromagnetic signal inhibiting the second transmitter from transmitting a second message to the receiver until the first message has been transmitted.