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Electrochemical biosensors

  • US 5,776,324 A
  • Filed: 05/17/1996
  • Issued: 07/07/1998
  • Est. Priority Date: 05/17/1996
  • Status: Expired due to Term
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical biosensor for determining in vivo in a mammal the level of a target chemical in a biological fluid, said biosensor comprising:

  • an electrochemical system including a substrate which reacts with the target chemical to yield a system signal related to the concentration in the biological fluid of said target chemical;

    a first membrane immobilizing said substrate and having a porosity permitting passage therethrough of the target chemical to react with said substrate, said first membrane having a surface characterized by electron donor sites susceptible to facilitating attachment thereon of proteins and fibrin, thus impairing said system signal; and

    a second membrane bonded to said electron donor sites of and surrounding said first membrane, said second membrane being formed of poly-para-xylylene having connecting hydrogen atom donors, said hydrogen atom donors bonding to said electron donor sites of said first membrane at least sufficiently to form an outer surface on said first membrane without significantly changing the porosity provided by said first membrane, wherein said outer surface is exposed to the biological fluid and consists of phenyl rings;

    and wherein said biosensor is implanted in a mammalian subject without biological fouling.

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