Thermal storage system controller and method

• US 5,778,683 A
• Filed: 11/30/1995
• Issued: 07/14/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Company (Johnson Controls International plc), Purdue Research Foundation (The Trustees of Purdue University (d/b/a Purdue University))
• Original Assignee: Johnson Controls Technology Company (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Braun, James E., Drees, Kirk H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tanner, Harry B.
• Application Number:
  US08/565,441
• Time in Patent Office: 957 Days
• Field of Search: 62/185, 62/59, 62/201, 62/99, 62/180, 62/434, 62/435, 62/436, 62/437, 165/10, 165/902
• US Class Current: 62/59
• CPC Class Codes: F24D 11/0214 water heating system
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 5/0017 using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
• CPC Class Codes: F25D 16/00 Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/14 Thermal energy storage

Abstract

An thermal storage system controller implements a near optimal control strategy for minimizing energy and demand costs. A system performance variable is determined and evaluated under a given set of environmental conditions for selecting one of a plurality of control strategies.

Claims

1. A controller for controlling a thermal storage system such that energy costs are minimized subject to demand costs, thereby reducing utility costs for a billing period, comprising:

a first data structure for storing a utility rate structure having an on-peak energy rate and an off-peak energy rate that are designed to discourage high energy consumption during high energy demand periods;

a second data structure for storing a target demand cost that is determined by minimizing the demand costs independent of the energy costs for a sub-period of the billing period;

a memory having comparative rules that utilize a ratio of said on-peak energy rate to said off-peak energy rate and said target demand cost; and

a processor connected to said memory that uses said comparative rules in order to select a control strategy for the thermal storage system, whereby the energy costs are minimized subject to the demand costs and the utility costs for the billing period are reduced.

2. The controller of claim 1, wherein said comparative rules also utilize an estimated demand cost that is obtained through short term forecasting.

3. The controller of claim 2, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a chiller priority control strategy if said estimated demand is less than said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is unable to meet a facility load requirement.

4. The controller of claim 2, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a storage priority control strategy if said estimated demand is less than said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is able to meet a facility load requirement.

5. The controller of claim 2, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a demand limiting control strategy if said estimated demand exceeds said target demand cost.

6. The controller of claim 2, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a load limiting control strategy if said estimated demand exceeds said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is able to meet a facility load requirement.

7. The controller of claim 2, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a storage priority control strategy if said estimated demand exceeds said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is unable to meet a facility load requirement.

8. The controller of claim 1, wherein said comparative rules provide for charging said thermal energy storage system at a maximum rate if said utility rate structure is not discouraging high energy consumption and the building is unoccupied.

9. The controller of claim 1, wherein said sub-period is the first twenty-four (24) hours of the billing period.

10. A method of controlling a thermal storage system such that energy costs are minimized subject to demand costs, thereby reducing utility costs for a billing period, comprising the steps of:

receiving a utility rate structure having an on-peak energy rate and an off-peak energy rate that are designed to discourage high energy consumption during high energy demand periods;

determining a target demand cost by minimizing the demand costs independent of the energy costs for a sub-period of the billing period;

selecting a control strategy for the thermal storage system based at least in part on comparative rules that utilize a ratio of said on-peak energy rate to said off-peak energy rate and said target demand cost, whereby the energy costs are minimized subject to the demand costs and the utility costs for the billing period are reduced.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of generating an estimated demand cost.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said step of generating an estimated demand cost is obtained through short term forecasting.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a demand limiting control strategy if said estimated demand cost exceeds said target demand cost.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a chiller priority control strategy if said estimated demand is less than said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is unable to meet a facility load requirement.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a storage priority control strategy if said estimated demand is less than said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is able to meet a facility load requirement.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a load limiting control strategy if said estimated demand exceeds said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is able to meet a facility load requirement.

17. The method claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for selection of a storage priority control strategy if said estimated demand exceeds said target demand cost and said thermal storage system is unable to meet a facility load requirement.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein said comparative rules provide for charging said thermal energy storage system at a maximum rate if said utility rate structure is not discourage high energy consumption and the building is unoccupied.

19. The controller of claim 10, wherein said sub-period is the first twenty-four (24) hours of the billing period.