Method and apparatus for transverse electromagnetic induction well logging
First Claim
1. An apparatus for measuring conductivity of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore, comprising:
- a plurality of transmitter coils at least one of which having a magnetic moment direction different from the magnetic moment directions of the other transmitter coils;
a plurality of receiver coils each having a sensitive direction substantially parallel to one of said magnetic moment directions of said transmitter coils;
a signal generator for conducting alternating current at at least two frequencies through selected ones of said transmitter coils, said alternating current having a first amplitude at a first one of said at least two frequencies, said alternating current having a second amplitude at a second one of said frequencies, said first amplitude related to said second amplitude by a predetermined relationship corresponding to said first and said second frequencies;
means for receiving voltages induced in said receiver coils; and
means for measuring a difference between magnitudes of said voltages induced in said receiver coils at said first frequency and induced at said second frequency.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method of measuring the conductivity of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore. The method comprises selectively passing an alternating current through transmitter coils inserted into the wellbore. Each of the transmitter coils has a magnetic moment direction different from the magnetic moment direction of the other ones of the transmitter coils. The alternating current includes a first and a second frequency. The amplitude at the first frequency has a predetermined relationship to the amplitude at the second frequency. The relationship corresponds to the first and the second frequencies. The method includes selectively receiving voltages induced in a receiver coil having a sensitive direction substantially parallel to the axis of the corresponding transmitter coil through which the alternating current is passed. A difference in magnitudes between a component of the received voltage at the first frequency and a component of the voltage at the second frequency is measured, and conductivity is calculated from the difference in magnitudes of the components of the received voltage at the two frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, the step of measuring the difference in magnitudes between the voltage components at the two frequencies includes extracting digital signal samples of the received voltage at predetermined times with respect to a cycle of the transmitter current at the first frequency.
210 Citations
21 Claims
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1. An apparatus for measuring conductivity of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore, comprising:
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a plurality of transmitter coils at least one of which having a magnetic moment direction different from the magnetic moment directions of the other transmitter coils; a plurality of receiver coils each having a sensitive direction substantially parallel to one of said magnetic moment directions of said transmitter coils; a signal generator for conducting alternating current at at least two frequencies through selected ones of said transmitter coils, said alternating current having a first amplitude at a first one of said at least two frequencies, said alternating current having a second amplitude at a second one of said frequencies, said first amplitude related to said second amplitude by a predetermined relationship corresponding to said first and said second frequencies; means for receiving voltages induced in said receiver coils; and means for measuring a difference between magnitudes of said voltages induced in said receiver coils at said first frequency and induced at said second frequency. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method of measuring conductivity of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore, comprising:
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passing alternating current through a selected one of a plurality of transmitter coils inserted into said wellbore, at least one of said transmitter coils having a magnetic moment direction different from the magnetic moment direction of the other ones of said transmitter coils, said alternating current comprising a first and a second frequency, said alternating current at said first frequency having a first amplitude, said alternating current at said second frequency having a second amplitude, said first amplitude and said second amplitude having a predetermined relationship to each other, said predetermined relationship corresponding to said first frequency and said second frequency; selectively receiving voltages induced in a receiver coil having a sensitive direction substantially parallel to said magnetic moment direction of said selected one of said transmitter coils; determining a difference in magnitude between a component of said received voltages at said first frequency and a component of said voltages at said second frequency; and calculating said conductivity from said difference in magnitude. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification