Catalyst diagnostic

• US 5,787,705 A
• Filed: 08/30/1996
• Issued: 08/04/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Thoreson, Thomas Roger
• Primary Examiner(s): WOLFE JR, WILLIS RAY
• Application Number:
  US08/697,844
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 60/274, 60/276, 60/277, 60/284, 60/285, 60/300, 73/118.1
• US Class Current: 60/274
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 11/00 Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus , e.g. for catalytic activity safety, indicating or supervising devices for internal combustion engines F02B77/08; testing of machines G01M13/00
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2550/02 Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2900/0421 using an increment counter when a predetermined event occurs
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2900/0422 measuring the elapsed time
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 9/005 using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems

Abstract

A procedure has been proposed for diagnosing operability of a catalytic treatment device for catalytically treating internal combustion engine exhaust gas, by determining whether the catalytic treatment device reaches a light-off operating condition within a short period of time following an engine coldstart operation. When catalytic converter temperature reaches a temperature level associated, for an operable catalytic converter, with light-off, the operating efficiency of the converter is sampled and, if persistently below an acceptable operating efficiency over a number of coldstart operations, a deterioration in the converter is stored and indicated.

Claims

1. A diagnostic method for diagnosing a deterioration condition in an automotive internal combustion engine catalytic treatment device for catalytically treating internal combustion engine exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:

guiding internal combustion engine exhaust gas to the catalytic treatment device for treatment by the catalytic treatment device;

estimating occurrence of a catalytic treatment device light-off condition in which an operable catalytic treatment device will reach a predetermined operating efficiency;

estimating actual operating efficiency of the catalytic treatment device when the light-off condition is estimated to have occurred;

comparing the actual operating efficiency to an expected operating efficiency; and

diagnosing a deterioration condition when the actual operating efficiency is less than the expected operating efficiency.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of estimating occurrence of the light-off condition further comprises the steps of:

estimating catalytic treatment device temperature;

comparing the estimated temperature to a threshold temperature; and

estimating the occurrence when the estimated temperature first exceeds the threshold temperature.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of estimating temperature further comprises the steps of:

estimating an engine operating condition;

logging engine operating time following an engine startup operation; and

generating a catalytic treatment device temperature estimate as a predetermined function of the estimated engine operating condition and of the logged engine operating time.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of estimating actual operating efficiency further comprises the step of sensing a concentration of a predetermined engine exhaust gas component following treatment of the engine exhaust gas by the catalytic treatment device as an indication of the actual operating efficiency.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

incrementing a stored fault counter when the actual operating efficiency is less than the expected operating efficiency; and

comparing the stored fault counter to a predetermined count threshold; and

wherein the diagnosing step diagnoses a deterioration condition when the stored fault counter exceeds the predetermined count threshold.

6. In an automotive emissions control system including a catalytic converter for catalytically treating internal combustion engine exhaust gas passing therethrough, a method for diagnosing deterioration in the operability of the catalytic treatment device, comprising the steps of:

generating a catalyst temperature value representative of the temperature of the catalytic converter;

estimating a catalytic converter light-off time as a function of the catalyst temperature value;

measuring catalytic converter operating efficiency at the light-off time;

comparing the operating efficiency to a threshold efficiency level; and

diagnosing deterioration in the operability of the catalytic converter when the operating efficiency does not exceed the threshold efficiency.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diagnosing step diagnoses an increase in light-off time beyond a light-off time corresponding to an operable catalytic converter when the operating efficiency does not exceed the threshold efficiency.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the measuring step further comprises the steps of:

providing a transducer in the emissions control system in position to transduce concentration of an exhaust gas component into a concentration signal, following passage thereof through the catalytic converter;

sampling the concentration signal at the light-off time; and

generating a component concentration value as a function of the sampled concentration signal;

wherein the component concentration value indicates catalytic converter operating efficiency.

9. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

providing a threshold temperature at which an operable catalytic converter reaches a predetermined conversion efficiency; and

comparing the catalyst temperature value to the threshold temperature;

and wherein the estimating step estimates catalytic converter light-off time as the time when the catalyst temperature value exceeds the threshold temperature.