Apparatus and process for the non-invasive measurement of optically active compounds
First Claim
1. An apparatus for the non-invasive measurement of an optically active component in a biological sample comprising:
- a) a source of unpolarized light;
b) a first means for manipulating the polarization state of light in optical alignment with the light source;
c) a sample holder adapted to hold the biological sample in optical alignment with the first means for manipulating light to allow light to pass through the sample, wherein the first means for manipulating the polarization state of light includes a first means for polarizing light optically aligned with the light source and a first means for variably retarding light optically aligned with the first means for polarizing light and the sample holder, wherein the first means for polarizing light includes a first polarizer and the first means for variably retarding light includes a first variable retarder, wherein the first variable retarder contains a pair of variable retarders with the fast axis of the first retarder of the pair being oriented about 45°
to the fast axis of the second retarder of the pair;
d) a second means for manipulating the polarization state of light in optical alignment with the sample holder to receive light passing through the sample;
e) means for detecting light in optical alignment with the second means for manipulating the polarization state of light; and
f) means for analyzing an electric signal from the means for detecting light to correlate the electric signal with a concentration of the optically active compound.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
An apparatus and a process of determining the concentration of an optically active compound in a biological sample are provided. The process measures the entire polarization state of the sample and compares the measured polarization state of the sample to the polarization state of a sample having a known concentration of that compound. The polarization state of the sample is measured after manipulating the polarization state of light entering and leaving the sample and detecting the light leaving the sample. The apparatus contains a source of light, a sample holder for holding the biological sample, a detector, a first polarization manipulator between the light source and the sample holder, a second polarization manipulator between the sample holder and the detector and an analyzer to correlate detected signals with concentration of the optically active compound.
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Citations
45 Claims
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1. An apparatus for the non-invasive measurement of an optically active component in a biological sample comprising:
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a) a source of unpolarized light; b) a first means for manipulating the polarization state of light in optical alignment with the light source; c) a sample holder adapted to hold the biological sample in optical alignment with the first means for manipulating light to allow light to pass through the sample, wherein the first means for manipulating the polarization state of light includes a first means for polarizing light optically aligned with the light source and a first means for variably retarding light optically aligned with the first means for polarizing light and the sample holder, wherein the first means for polarizing light includes a first polarizer and the first means for variably retarding light includes a first variable retarder, wherein the first variable retarder contains a pair of variable retarders with the fast axis of the first retarder of the pair being oriented about 45°
to the fast axis of the second retarder of the pair;d) a second means for manipulating the polarization state of light in optical alignment with the sample holder to receive light passing through the sample; e) means for detecting light in optical alignment with the second means for manipulating the polarization state of light; and f) means for analyzing an electric signal from the means for detecting light to correlate the electric signal with a concentration of the optically active compound. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A process of determining the concentration of an optically active compound in a biological sample comprising the steps of:
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measuring the entire polarization state of the sample, and comparing the measured polarization state of the sample to the polarization state of a sample having a known concentration of that compound, wherein the polarization state of the sample is measured after the polarization state of light entering the sample is manipulated and the polarization state of light leaving the sample is manipulated and the light leaving the sample is detected. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. A noninvasive process of determining glucose concentration in a biological sample comprising the steps of:
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a) sequentially passing a light beam through a first polarizer and a first variable retarder, wherein the first variable retarder contains a pair of variable retarders with the fast axis of the first retarder of the pair being oriented about 45°
to the fast axis of the second retarder of the pair;b) directing the light beam through the sample contained in a sample holder; c) sequentially passing light from the sample through a second variable retarder and a second polarizer; d) detecting the light from the second polarizer with a detector; and e) processing an electric signal generated by the detector with an analyzer to a signal indicative of the concentration of glucose in the sample. - View Dependent Claims (27)
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28. A polarization generator for introducing polarization states into a sample, comprising:
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a linear polarizer, a first variable retarder having its fast axis oriented at 45°
relative to the transmission axis of the polarizer,c) a second variable retarder in optical alignment with the first variable retarder and having the fast axis of the second retarder oriented parallel to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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31. A polarization analyzer for analysis of polarization sates of a sample, comprising:
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a) a first variable retarder optically aligned with a sample holder, b) a second variable retarder having its fast axis oriented at 45°
relative to the fast axis of the first linear retarder, optically aligned with the sample holder,c) a linear polarizer having its transmission axis oriented parallel to the fast axis of the first variable retarder. - View Dependent Claims (43, 44, 45)
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Specification