Vehicle control apparatus adapted to select engine-or motor-drive mode based on physical quantity reflecting energy conversion efficiencies in motor-drive mode

• US 5,789,882 A
• Filed: 07/22/1996
• Issued: 08/04/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 07/24/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Tabata, Atsushi, Ibaraki, Ryuji, Taga, Yutaka, Hata, Hiroshi, Kubo, Seitoku
• Primary Examiner(s): Cabeca, John W.
• Application Number:
  US08/685,102
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4, 290/40 C, 290/40 R, 290/40 F, 290/36 R, 318/140, 318/141, 318/143, 318/146, 318/148, 318/151, 318/802, 318/799, 318/806, 322/14, 322/38, 322/39
• US Class Current: 318/148
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/22 characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/543 the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/547 the transmission being a stepped gearing
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/15 with additional electric power supply with capacitors charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/40; with batteries charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/61
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/04 including control of propulsion units
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/13 in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/60 Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/918 Continuously variable
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/919 : Stepped shift
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/945 : Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/946 : Characterized by control of driveline clutch
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/947 : Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking

Abstract

A drive control apparatus for an automotive vehicle having an electric motor and an engine operated by combustion of a fuel, the drive control apparatus including a drive source selecting device for selecting an engine drive mode or a motor drive mode on the basis of a first value in the engine drive mode of a physical quantity relating to a condition of the engine and a second value of the same physical quantity reflecting energy conversion efficiencies of the electric motor, an electric generator and an electric energy storage device during an electricity generating mode. The physical quantity is preferably a fuel consumption amount by the engine. The drive control apparatus may also include an engine output determining device that optimizes the efficiency of the system by determining the output of the engine so as to power the vehicle and also provide surplus power to operate the electric generator and charge the electric energy storage device. An enlarging device may also be included to increase the output of the electric motor to prevent excessive charging of the electric energy storage device.

Claims

1. A drive control apparatus for an automotive vehicle having an electric generator for generating an electric energy, an electric energy storage device for storing the electric energy generated by said electric generator, an electric motor operated as a first drive power source by said electric energy, and an engine operated as a second drive power source by combustion of a fuel, said apparatus having an engine drive mode in which the vehicle is driven by said engine, a motor drive mode in which the vehicle is driven by said electric motor, and an electricity generating mode in which said electric generator is operated by said engine to charge said electric energy storage device, said apparatus including drive source selecting means for selecting one of said engine drive mode, said motor drive mode and said electricity generating mode, depending upon a running condition of the vehicle, wherein said drive source selecting means selects one of said engine drive mode and said motor drive mode, on the basis of a first value in said engine drive mode of a physical quantity relating to a condition of said engine and a second value of said physical quantity reflecting energy conversion efficiencies of said electric generator, said electric motor and said electric energy storage device in said electricity generating mode, and according to a predetermined rule associated with said first and second values.

2. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said drive source selecting means comprises:

first calculating means for obtaining said first value of said physical quantity in said engine drive mode;

second calculating means for obtaining said second value of said physical quantity which second value reflects the energy conversion efficiencies in said electricity generating mode in which said electric generator is operated by said engine to generate said electric energy to be stored in said electric energy storage device and used by said electric motor in said motor drive mode; and

comparing means for comparing said first and second values of said physical quantity obtained by said first and second calculating means, and selecting one of said engine drive mode and said motor drive mode depending upon whether one of said first and second values is smaller than the other.

3. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said physical quantity consists of an amount of consumption of said fuel by said engine.

4. A drive control apparatus according to 2, wherein said physical quantity consists of an amount of consumption of said fuel by said engine, and wherein said first and second calculating means obtain a first value and a second value of said amount of consumption of said fuel in said engine drive mode and said electricity generating mode, respectively, said comparing means selecting said engine drive mode if said first value obtained by said first calculating means is smaller than said second value obtained by said second calculating means, and selecting said motor drive mode if said first value is not smaller than said second value.

5. A drive control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said first calculating means calculates said first value of said amount of consumption of said fuel in said engine drive mode, by using a speed and a torque of said engine, and said second calculating means calculates said second value of said amount of consumption of said fuel by said engine in said electricity generating mode, by using a speed and a torque of said electric motor.

6. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said energy conversion efficiencies comprise at least one of:

efficiency of conversion of a kinetic energy into said electric energy by said electric generator in said electricity generating mode;

efficiency of charging of said electric energy storage device with said electric energy generated by said electric generator in said electricity generating mode;

efficiency of discharging of said electric energy storage device in said motor drive mode; and

efficiency of conversion of said electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device into a kinetic energy by said electric motor in said motor drive mode.

7. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electric motor (14) also functions as said electric generator.

8. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising engine output determining means for determining a desired output of said engine in said electricity generating mode, on the basis of an overall efficiency of a system assigned to charge said electric energy storage device in said electricity generating mode, said overall efficiency being associated with a physical quantity relating to a condition of said engine, and said overall efficiency reflecting energy conversion efficiencies of said electric energy storage device and said electric generator in said electricity generating mode.

9. A drive control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive control apparatus further includes a transmission to which power from the first drive power source and second drive power source is simultaneously or selectively transferred.

10. A drive control apparatus for an automotive vehicle having an electric generator for generating an electric energy, an electric energy storage device for storing the electric energy generated by said electric generator, an electric motor operated as a first drive power source by said electric energy, and an engine operated as a second drive power source by combustion of a fuel, said apparatus having an engine drive mode in which the vehicle is driven by said engine, a motor drive mode in which the vehicle is driven by said electric motor, and an electricity generating mode in which said electric generator is operated by said engine to charge said electric energy storage device, the drive control apparatus comprising:

engine output determining means for determining a desired output of said engine in said electricity generating mode on the basis of an overall efficiency of a system assigned to charge said electric energy storage device in said electricity generating mode, said overall efficiency being associated with a physical quantity relating to a condition of said engine, and said overall efficiency reflecting energy conversion efficiencies of said electric energy storage device and said electric generator in said electricity generating mode;

wherein said desired output is larger than a value of drive power required for said engine to drive the vehicle in said engine drive mode by a predetermined amount which provides surplus power by which said electric generator is operated to charge said electric energy storage device; and

wherein said energy output determining means comprises;

calculating means for calculating values of said overall efficiency which correspond to different candidate values of said desired output of the engine, respectively said values of said overall efficiency reflecting the energy conversion efficiencies of said electric energy storage device in said electric generator during operation of said electric generator by said surplus power in said electricity generating mode; and

selecting means for selecting one of said different candidate values of said desired output of said engine which corresponds to one of said values of said overall efficiency which satisfies a predetermined condition, and determining the selected candidate value as said desired output of the engine.

11. A drive control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the drive control apparatus further includes a transmission to which power from the first drive power source and second drive power source is simultaneously or selectively transferred.

12. A drive control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said selecting means selects, as said desired output of the engine, one of said candidate values which corresponds to a highest one of said values of said overall efficiency.

13. A drive control device for an automotive vehicle having an electric generator for generating an electric energy, an electric energy storage device for storing the electric energy generated by said electric generator, an electric motor operated as a first drive power source by said electric energy, and an engine operated as a second drive power source by combustion of a fuel, said apparatus comprising:

engine driving means for running the vehicle by operation of the engine in an engine drive mode while a running condition of the vehicle is held within an engine driving range;

motor driving means for running the vehicle by operation of the electric motor in a motor drive mode while said running condition is held within a motor driving range;

regenerative driving means for running the vehicle in a regenerative drive mode in which said electric generator is driven by a kinetic energy of the running vehicle so as to store an electric energy in said electric energy storage device as well as to apply a brake to the vehicle, said regenerative drive mode is selected when said running condition of the vehicle satisfies a predetermined requirement; and

enlarging means for enlarging said motor driving range when an amount of the electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device by operation of said electric generator in said regenerative drive mode is larger than a predetermined threshold.

14. A drive control apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said engine driving range and said motor driving range are determined on the basis of a physical quantity relating to a condition of said engine in said engine drive mode and in an electricity generating mode in which said electric generator is driven by said engine to generate the electric energy which is stored in said electric energy storage device and which is used by said electric motor in said motor drive mode, and wherein said enlarging means enlarges said motor driving range such that a portion of said engine driving range in which the operation of said engine is less desirable in terms of said physical quantity than in the other portion of said engine driving range is replaced by a portion of the enlarged motor driving range.

15. A drive control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said engine driving range and said motor driving range are determined on the basis of a first value of said physical quantity in said engine drive mode and a second value of said physical quantity which reflects energy conversion efficiencies of said electric generator, said electric motor and said electric energy storage device in said electricity generating mode.

16. A drive control apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising memory means for storing a data map representative of boundary lines which define said engine driving range and motor driving range in relation to said running condition of the vehicle, and wherein said enlarging means comprises shifting means for shifting one of said boundary lines to enlarge said motor driving range.

17. A drive control apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said enlarging means enlarges said motor driving range such that an amount of enlargement of the motor driving range is held constant irrespective of the amount of the electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device.

18. A drive control apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said enlarging means comprises:

detecting means for detecting the amount of the electric energy stored in said electric energy storage device in said regenerative drive mode;

determining means for determining whether the amount of the electric energy detected by said detecting means is larger than said predetermined threshold; and

means for enlarging said motor driving range if said determining means determines that the amount of the electric energy detected by said detecting means is larger than said predetermined threshold.

19. A drive control device according to claim 13, wherein the drive control device further includes a transmission to which power from the first drive power source and second drive power source is simultaneously or selectively transferred.