3-D imaging system

• US 5,790,086 A
• Filed: 01/04/1995
• Issued: 08/04/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/04/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Visualabs, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Visualabs, Inc.
• Inventors: Zelitt, Sheldon S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hjerpe, Richard
• Assistant Examiner(s): FATAHI YAR, MAHMOUD
• Application Number:
  US08/368,644
• Time in Patent Office: 1,308 Days
• Field of Search: 345/32, 345/6, 345/7, 345/76, 345/87, 345/133, 348/42, 348/47, 348/48, 348/52, 348/51, 359/62, 359/94, 359/458, 359/462, 359/463, 349/15, 349/95
• US Class Current: 345/32
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 30/54 the 3D volume being generated by moving a 2D surface, e.g. by vibrating or rotating the 2D surface
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/20 for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/15 for colour aspects of image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/167 Synchronising or controlling image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/189 Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/239 using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance H04N13/243 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/243 using three or more 2D image sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/25 using two or more image sensors with different characteristics other than in their location or field of view, e.g. having different resolutions or colour pickup characteristics; using image signals from one sensor to control the characteristics of another sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/261 with monoscopic-to-stereoscopic image conversion
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/286 having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/305 using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/307 using fly-eye lenses, e.g. arrangements of circular lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/322 using varifocal lenses or mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/324 Colour aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/327 Calibration thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/334 using spectral multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/337 using polarisation multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/344 with head-mounted left-right displays
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/361 Reproducing mixed stereoscopic images; Reproducing mixed monoscopic and stereoscopic images, e.g. a stereoscopic image overlay window on a monoscopic image background
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/39 the picture elements emitting light at places where a pair of light beams intersect in a transparent material
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/393 : the volume being generated by a moving, e.g. vibrating or rotating, surface
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/395 : with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/597 : specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2013/0081 : Depth or disparity estimation from stereoscopic image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2213/003 : Aspects relating to the "2D+depth" image format
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/0803 : using frequency interleaving, e.g. with precision offset

Abstract

A 3-dimensional image is obtained from a 2-dimensional display by varying the apparent distance of the image from the viewer on a pixel by pixel basis. This is done by positioning an array of pixel-level optical elements in alignment with the pixels in the image. In a preferred format, each of the optical elements is generally elongate and has a focal length which varies along its length with the result that the point along its length at which light enters the optical element determines the apparent visual distance of the associated pixel from the viewer. In the case of a cathode-ray tube application, controlling the position of entry of the light is done by controlling the electron beam to move a minute distance vertically as it scans horizontally. In a television application, the vertical distance may be determined by a depth component incorporated in the broadcast signal received by a television set. Applications and embodiments relating to computer monitors, film and still printed imagery are also described.

Claims

1. A 2-dimensional display device on which an image formed by discrete pixels is presented, the display device having means for dynamically varying across the image, pixel by pixel, the apparent visual distance from a viewer, positioned in front of the display device, at which each individual pixel appears, whereby a 3-dimensional image is created;

wherein the means for dynamically varying comprises an array of transparent optical refractory elements aligned respectively in front of the pixels and each having a focal length which varies progressively along refractory surfaces oriented generally parallel to the image, and means for displacing minutely within a pixel the location at which light is emitted according to a desired depth such that there is a corresponding displacement of an input location of the light along an input refractory surface of the optical element whereby the apparent visual distance from the viewer varies according to the displacement of the input location of light.

2. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which the display device includes one of a liquid crystal display device, electroluminescence device and plasma display device as a light source.

3. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which each optical refracting element has a focal length which varies radially with respect to an optical axis of the optical refractory element, and the displacing means displaces radially within a pixel the location at which light is emitted.

4. A display device as claimed in claim 3 in which the display device includes one of a liquid crystal display device, electroluminescence device and plasma display device as a light source.

5. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which each optical refractory element is elongate and has a focal length which varies along its length from one end, and the display means displaces linearly within a pixel the point at which light is emitted.

6. A display device as claimed in claim 5 in which the display device includes one of a liquid crystal display device, electroluminescence device and plasma display device as a light source.

7. A display device as claimed in claim 6 in which the display device includes a cathode ray tube having thereon a plurality of elongate phosphor pixels and in which the means for displacing minutely within a pixel the location at which light is emitted comprises means for displacing the electron beam along each phosphor pixel.

8. A display device as claimed in claim 7 in which the display device is a television receiver having means for extracting a depth component for each pixel from a received signal and means for adding the depth component to the conventional horizontal scan line to control the vertical level of the horizontal scan line pixel by pixel whereby a stepped raster scan line is obtained.

9. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which a minute interstitial gap is provided between the individual optical elements.

10. A display device as claimed in claim 9 in which a black opaque material fills the interstitial gap.

11. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which the transparent optical elements are provided as an embossed sheet of plastics material.

12. A display device as claimed in claim 1 in which each optical element is a compound device comprising at least two individual optical components.

13. A display device as claimed in claim 12 in which the at least two individual optical components are provided as at least two embossed sheets of plastics material which are cemented together.

14. A display device as claimed in claim 5 in which the display device is a viewer or projector for a photographic film transparency and the means for displacing the point at which light is emitted comprises a mask applied to each pixel of the transparency such that a preselected transparent point is provided.

15. A 2-dimensional display device comprising a cathode ray tube having thereon a plurality of rectangular phosphor pixels each having a length and a width and including means for displacing an electron beam along the length of each phosphor pixel according to a desired depth, and an array of rectangular transparent optical refractory elements aligned respectively in front of the pixels and each having a length and a width, each optical element having a focal length which varies progressively along the length of the optical element, whereby the apparent visual distance from a viewer, positioned in front of the display device, at which each individual pixel appears varies according to the desired depth thereby creating a 3-dimensional image.

16. A display device as claimed in claim 15 in which the pixels are aligned in rows.

17. A display device as claimed in claim 16 in which the display device is a television receiver having means for extracting a depth component for each pixel from a received signal and means for adding the depth component to the conventional horizontal scan line to control the vertical level of the horizontal scan line pixel by pixel whereby a stepped raster scan line is obtained.