Security system for network address translation systems

• US 5,793,763 A
• Filed: 11/03/1995
• Issued: 08/11/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Coile, Brantley W., Mayes, John C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HOM, SHICK C
• Application Number:
  US08/552,807
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: 370/389, 370/351, 370/249, 370/401, 370/466, 395/186, 395/187.01
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 2201/04 for network, e.g. LAN connectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 31/005 Intermediate parts for distributing signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/663 Transport layer addresses, e.g. aspects of transmission control protocol [TCP] or user datagram protocol [UDP] ports
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/00 Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/00 Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/2514 between local and global IP addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/2564 for a higher-layer protocol, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0254 Stateful filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/40 for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection management of faults, events, alarms or notifications in data switching networks H04L41/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

A system and method are provided for translating local IP addresses to globally unique IP addresses. This allows local hosts in an enterprise network to share global IP addresses from a limited pool of such addresses available to the enterprise. The translation is accomplished by replacing the source address in headers on packets destined for the Internet and by replacing destination address in headers on packets entering the local enterprise network from the Internet. Packets arriving from the Internet are screened by an adaptive security algorithm. According to this algorithm, packets are dropped and logged unless they are deemed nonthreatening. DNS packets and certain types of ICMP packets are allowed to enter local network. In addition, FTP data packets are allowed to enter the local network, but only after it has been established that their destination on the local network initiated an FTP session.

Claims

1. A method for translating network addresses on packets destined for local hosts on a private network from hosts on an external network, the method comprising the following steps:

identifying a global IP destination address on an inbound packet arriving at the private network;

determining whether the global IP destination address corresponds to any local host on the private network by determining if a translation slot data structure exists for the global IP destination address, which translation slot associates the global IP destination address to a corresponding local IP address for a particular local host which has sent an outbound packet to an external network host on the external network within a defined time period;

if the inbound packet is found to be intended for the particular local host on the private network which has sent the outbound packet to the external network host within said defined time period, determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria;

if the inbound packet meets said security criteria, replacing the inbound packet'"'"'s global IP destination address with the corresponding local IP address for the particular local host to which the inbound packet was addressed; and

forwarding the inbound packet to the particular local host to which the inbound packet was addressed.

2. The method of claim 1, where in said global IP address is one of a collection of addresses shared by hosts on said private network.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein there are fewer global IP addresses in the collection of IP addresses than there are hosts on said private network.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the following steps:

creating the translation slot data structure when the particular local host on the private network sends an outbound packet to an external network destination;

removing the translation slot data structure after said defined time period has elapsed.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of determining whether the global IP destination address is statically fixed to the particular local host on the private network, and, if so, employing a first set of defined security criteria.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising a step of employing a second set of defined security criteria if the global IP destination address is not statically fixed to the particular local host.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet is a ping request and, if so, dropping the inbound packet.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet is an ICMP packet of an approved type.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the approved types of ICMP packets include packets of types 0, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 17, and 18.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet has a destination port number corresponding to a nonprivileged port of the local host.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet has a source or destination port number corresponding to a domain name service request.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet has a destination port number corresponding to a network file system packet.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria includes a step of determining whether the inbound packet is a TCP packet.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria further includes a step of determining whether the particular local host on the private network initiated a connection requesting the inbound TCP packet.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said step of determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria further includes the following steps:

determining whether the inbound packet is a file transfer protocol packet; and

if so, determining whether the inbound packet meets FTP security criteria.

16. A network address translation system for translating network addresses on packets sent from an external host on an external network to a local host on a private network, the private network having a plurality of local hosts at least some of which communicate with hosts on the external network, the network address translation system comprising:

an outside interface connected to the external network;

an inside interface connected to the private network; and

a translation slot data structure stored on the network address translation system, the translation slot specifying at least (i) a global IP address temporarily held by the local host, (ii) a local address fixed with local host, wherein the network address translation system creates the translation slot when the local host sends a packet to said external host and times out the translation slot after a defined time period has elapsed.

17. The network address translation system of claim 16, wherein said translation slot data structure includes at least a first field for the global IP address and a second field for the local address.

18. The network address translation system of claim 17, wherein the multiple fields further include one or more holes fields which may be set to specify that exceptions to a security algorithm employed by the network address translation system to prevent suspicious packets from reaching the private network.

19. The network address translation system of claim 16, wherein the network address translation system creates said translation slot only when the local host sends a packet to said external host.

20. The network address translation system of claim 16, wherein the translation slot includes a stamp field specifying a time when the network address translation system created the translation slot and wherein the network address translation system measures said defined period of time from time specified in the stamp field.

21. The network address translation system of claim 16, further comprising a connection slot appended to said translation slot and specifying that a TCP connection has been established between the local host and the external host, wherein the network address translation system creates the connection slot when the local host sends a TCP packet to said external host to initiate the TCP connection, and times out the connection slot after a defined time period has elapsed since the TCP connection was last used.

22. The network address translation system of claim 21, further comprising a memory, wherein the connection slot is a data structure is comprised of multiple fields and stored on the memory, and wherein the multiple fields include at least a first field for the external host, a second field for a TCP/IP port of the external host, and a third field for a TCP/IP port of the local host.

23. A network address translation system for translating network addresses on packets sent from an external network having a plurality of external hosts to a local host on a private network having a plurality of local hosts at least some of which communicate with hosts on the external network, the network address translation system comprising:

an outside interface connected to the external network;

an inside interface connected to the private network;

means for identifying a global IP destination address on an inbound packet arriving at the private network;

means for determining if a translation slot data structure exists for the global IP destination address, which translation slot associates the global IP destination address with a corresponding local IP address of a particular local host on the private network, which particular local host has sent an outbound packet to an external network host within a defined time period;

means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria if the inbound packet is found to be addressed to the particular local host on the private network which has sent the outbound packet to the external network host within said defined time period;

means for replacing the inbound packet'"'"'s global IP destination address with a corresponding local IP address for the particular local host to which the inbound packet was addressed; and

means for forwarding the inbound packet to the particular local host to which the inbound packet was addressed.

24. The network address translation system of claim 23, further comprising means for selecting said global IP address from among a collection of IP addresses available to hosts on said private network.

25. The network address translation system of claim 24, wherein there are fewer global IP addresses in the collection of IP addresses than there are hosts on said private network.

26. The network address translation system of claim 25, further comprising:

means for creating the translation slot data structure when the particular local host on the private network sends an outbound packet to an external network destination;

means for removing the translation slot data structure after said defined time period has elapsed.

27. The network address translation system of claim 23, further comprising means for determining whether the global IP destination address is statically fixed to the particular local host on the private network, and, if so, employing a first set of defined security criteria.

28. The network address translation system of claim 27, further comprising means for employing a second set of defined security criteria if the global IP destination address is not statically fixed to the particular local host.

29. The network address translation system of claim 23, wherein said means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria determines whether the inbound packet is an ICMP packet of an approved type.

30. The network address translation system of claim 29, wherein the approved types of ICMP packets include packets of types 0, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 17, and 18.

31. The network address translation system of claim 23, wherein the means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria determines whether the inbound packet has a source or destination port number corresponding to a domain name service request.

32. The network address translation system of claim 23, wherein the means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria determines whether the inbound packet has a destination port number corresponding to a network file system packet.

33. The network address translation system of claim 23, wherein the means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria determines whether the inbound packet is a TCP packet.

34. The network address translation system of claim 33, wherein the means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria also determines whether a local host on the private network initiated a connection requesting the inbound TCP packet.

35. The network address translation system of claim 34, wherein the means for determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria determines whether the inbound packet is a file transfer protocol packet, and, if so, determines whether the inbound packet meets FTP security criteria.

36. A method for translating network addresses on packets destined for local hosts on a private network from hosts on an external network, the method comprising:

identifying a first global IP destination address on an inbound packet arriving at the private network, which first global IP address is one of a collection of global IP addresses available to the local hosts on the private network;

determining that the first global IP destination address corresponds to a particular local host on the private network by locating translation data specifying the first global IP destination address and associating it with a corresponding local IP address of the particular local host which has sent an outbound packet to an external network host on the external network within a defined time period, which outbound packet has had the local IP address replaced with the first global IP address;

determining whether the inbound packet meets defined security criteria;

if the inbound packet meets said security criteria, forwarding the inbound packet to the particular local host to which the inbound packet was addressed.

37. The method of claim 36, further comprising replacing the first global IP destination address on the inbound packet with the corresponding local IP address prior to forwarding the inbound packet to the particular local host.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein there are fewer global IP addresses in the collection of global IP addresses than there are hosts on said private network.

39. A network address translation system for translating network addresses on packets sent from an external host on an external network to a local host on a private network, the private network having a plurality of local hosts at least some of which communicate with hosts on the external network, the network address translation system comprising:

an outside interface connected to the external network;

an inside interface connected to the private network; and

a memory on which is stored

(a) a collection of global IP addresses available to the local hosts on the private network, and

(b) translation data associating at least (i) a global IP address temporarily held by the local host and (ii) a local IP address fixed with the local host.

40. The network address translation system of claim 39, wherein the system is configured to replace the local IP address with the global IP address on outbound packets from the local host to the external host.

41. The network address translation system of claim 39, wherein the network address translation system creates the translation data only when the local host sends a packet to said external host.

42. The network address translation system of claim 39, wherein the translation data includes a stamp field specifying a time when the network address translation system created the translation data.