Plume or combustion detection by time sequence differentiation

• US 5,793,889 A
• Filed: 05/25/1995
• Issued: 08/11/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation), PMAC Limited
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Bushman, Boyd B.
• Primary Examiner(s): SHALWALA, BIPIN H
• Application Number:
  US08/450,329
• Time in Patent Office: 1,174 Days
• Field of Search: 342/52-53, 342/56, 342/192, 342/351, 250/372, 250/342, 244/3.16, 244/3.17, 244/3.13, 244/3.1, 244/3.11, 244/3.15, 244/2.16, 382/103, 382/194, 382/201, 382/203, 382/206, 382/221, 382/236, 382/286, 382/299, 382/318, 348/162, 348/164, 348/165, 348/94, 348/117, 348/119, 348/169-172, 348/601, 348/620, 348/734, 348/588, 348/589, 348/599, 348/565, 364/462, 89/1.11
• US Class Current: 382/221
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 11/02 Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems cartridges or missiles for producing smoke or for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material F42B5/15, F42B12/48, F42B12/70; informative reference: details of radar or sonar systems G01S7/00; jamming or electronic countermeasures G01S7/38, G01S7/495, H04K3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/00 Pattern recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10016 Video; Image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30212 Military
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/50 using two or more images, e.g. averaging or subtraction
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/70 Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras camera calibration G06T7/80
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/255 Detecting or recognising potential candidate objects based on visual cues, e.g. shapes

Abstract

A method and system of image modulation detection of an aircraft exhaust plume by time sequence differentiation is provided. The method comprises the steps of forming two sequential images of the field of view in which an exhaust plume to be detected is located, and forming a differential image from the sequential images showing components of the aircraft'"'"'s exhaust plume that are modulating at a rate greater than the frame rate of the detection system. The nonmodulating components such as the sky hills, and even the missile body are eliminated from the differential image. Only the plume remains and only the plume is detected. Therefore there is not false alarm note. Each image is formed by a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel images a portion of the field of view. A value is assigned to each pixel in each of the sequential images that corresponds to one or more characteristics of the pixel. The value of each pixel in one sequential image is subtracted from the value of the corresponding pixel in the other sequential image to produce a value for a resultant pixel. The differential image is formed by imaging the resultant pixels that have a non-zero value, wherein the differential image shows components of the aircraft'"'"'s exhaust plume that are modulating at a rate greater than the frame rate of the detection system.

Claims

1. A method of automatically deploying an antimissile countermeasure and transmitting an alert in response to a missile launch against an airborne aircraft, the method being performed on the airborne aircraft and comprising the steps of:

viewing an exhaust plume of a missile within a field of view;

forming at least two sequential images of the field of view in which the exhaust plume is located, each image being formed by a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel images a portion of the field of view;

wherein each pixel in each of the sequential images will have a value corresponding to one or more characteristics of the pixel;

digitizing the values and subtracting the values of the pixels in one of the sequential images to corresponding pixels in the other sequential image and identifying those pixels in one sequential image that have a different value than the corresponding pixel in the other sequential image;

automatically deploying an antimissile countermeasure and at the same time transmitting to a pilot of the airborne aircraft an alert in response to any pixels being identified;

forming and displaying to the pilot a differential image of the identified pixels to enable the pilot to determine whether the alert is justified; and

terminating the countermeasure if the alert is not justified.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequential images are formed by a video camera, and the characteristic is the level of received light in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequential images are formed by a radio receiver, and the characteristic is the level of received RF electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequential images are formed by a UV sensor, and the characteristic is the level of received UV electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequential images are formed by an infrared imaging camera, and the characteristic is the level of received IR electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

6. A method of deploying an antimissile countermeasure and transmitting an alert in response to a missile launch against an airborne aircraft, the method being performed on the airborne aircraft and comprising the steps of:

(a) viewing an exhaust plume of a missile within a field of view;

(b) forming at least two sequential images of the field of view in which the exhaust plume is located, each image being formed by a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel images a portion of the field of view, and each pixel in each of the sequential images will have a value corresponding to one or more characteristics of the pixel;

(c) digitizing the values and subtracting the values of the pixels in one of the sequential images to corresponding pixels in the other sequential image and identifying those pixels in one sequential image that have a different value than the corresponding pixel in the other sequential image;

(d) transmitting to a pilot of the airborne aircraft an alert in response to any pixels being identified and also forming and displaying to the pilot a differential image of the identified pixels to enable the pilot to determine whether the alert is justified; and

(e) deploying an antimissile countermeasure.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein step (e) is performed automatically at the same time step (d) is being performed.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sequential images are formed by a video camera, and the characteristic is the level of received light in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sequential images are formed by a radio receiver, and the characteristic is the level of received RF electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sequential images are formed by a UV sensor, and the characteristic is the level of received UV electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sequential images are formed by an infrared imaging camera, and the characteristic is the level of received IR electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the field of view corresponding to the pixel.