Object-oriented computer user interface

• US 5,794,001 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 08/11/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Malone, Thomas W., Berenson, Richard W., Yu, Keh-Chiang, Lai, Kum-Yew
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Phu K.
• Application Number:
  US08/473,494
• Time in Patent Office: 1,161 Days
• Field of Search: 395/155, 395/161, 395/333, 395/334, 395/335, 395/339, 395/340, 395/341, 395/342
• US Class Current: 715/762
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/252 between a Database Management System and a front-end application
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/451 Execution arrangements for user interfaces

Abstract

A computer user interface includes a mechanism for graphically representing and displaying user-definable objects of multiple types. The object types that can be represented include data records, not limited to a particular kind of data, and agents. An agent processes information automatically on behalf of the user. Another mechanism allows a user to define objects, for example by using a template. These two mechanisms act together to allow each object to be displayed to the user and acted upon by the user in a uniform way regardless of type. For example, templates for defining objects allow a specification to be input by a user defining processing that can be performed by an agent.

Claims

1. A computer user interface, comprising:

means for graphically representing objects that collectively are instances of a plurality of object types,

wherein a folder is one of such object types and comprises a collection of instances of an object type;

wherein an agent is another of such object types and wherein an instance of the agent object type comprises an indication of a collection of objects, an indication of at least one rule to be applied to the collection of objects, and an indication of an event the occurrence of which causes the rule to be applied to the collection of objects; and

wherein the objects are semi-structured by having a collection of fields, wherein information in at least one of the fields may be of any type, so as to be interpretable by agents in a uniform way; and

wherein the means for graphically representing and the means for structuring function so that each object is presented to, edited by, and acted upon by the user in a substantially uniform way, regardless of type.

2. A computer user interface according to claim 1, further comprising means for defining each object type, and for displaying each instance of an object type, by means of a template.

3. A computer user interface according to claim 2, wherein a data record is one of such object types.

4. A computer user interface, comprising:

means for graphically representing objects that collectively are instances of a plurality of object types, each object type having a set of fields;

wherein a data record is one of such object types;

wherein an agent is another of such object types and wherein an instance of the agent object type comprises an indication of a collection of objects, an indication of at least one rule to be applied to the collection of objects, and an indication of an event the occurrence of which causes the rule to be applied to the collection of objects; and

means for organizing the object types in a hierarchy of increasing specialization of a generic object type and for causing each specialized object type to inherit one or more properties of any parent thereof.

5. A computer user interface according to claim 4, wherein the means for organizing the object types includes means for causing each specialized object type to inherit the fields of any parent thereof.

6. A computer user interface according to claim 5, wherein each object type has a set of actions that can be performed thereon, and the means for organizing the object types includes means for causing each specialized object type to inherit the actions of any parent thereof.

7. A computer user interface according to claim 6, wherein each object type has a set of views associated with any parent thereof.

8. A computer user interface according to claim 4, further comprising:

means for defining each type of object, and for displaying each instance of an object, by means of a template;

wherein the means for graphically representing and the means for defining function so that each object is presented to, edited by, and acted upon by the user in a substantially uniform way, regardless of type.

9. A computer user interface according to claim 4, wherein a folder is one of such object types and comprises a collection of instances of an object type.

10. A computer user interface comprising:

means for graphically representing objects that collectively are instances of a plurality of object types, each object type having a set of fields, and wherein an agent is one of such object types and wherein an instance of the agent object type comprises an indication of a collection of objects, an indication of at least one rule to be applied to the collection of objects, and an indication of an event the occurrence of which causes the rule to be applied to the collection of objects; and

means for causing the objects to be semi-structured by having a collection of fields, wherein information in at least one of the fields may be of any type, so as to be interpretable by agents in a uniform way.

11. A computer user interface according to claim 10, wherein a rule constitutes another of such object types, such rule indicating an action to be taken by an agent and objects to be acted upon.

12. A computer user interface according to claim 11, wherein a rule further includes, as part of a value of one of the fields, a specification of a condition to be applied to a first object in terms of properties of a second object to which the first object is linked.

13. A computer user interface according to claim 10, wherein an agent is capable of acting upon instances of any of the plurality of object types.

14. A computer user interface according to claim 10, wherein an agent includes means for being triggered by an external event, creation of an object, or creation of a link.

15. A computer system, comprising:

means for creating a plurality of object types using a template to create different templates for different object types;

means for creating instances of an object type using the templates for the object type; and

wherein at least one of the data object types is an agent which performs functions on other data object types and wherein an instance of the agent object type comprises an indication of a collection of objects of at least one of the object types, an indication of at least one rule to be applied to the collection of objects, and an indication of an event the occurrence of which causes the rule to be applied to the collection of objects.

16. A computer system comprising:

means for easily defining new object types with different fields;

means for creating instances of objects of the defined object types;

means for easily defining links between instances of objects;

means for providing traversal of links; and

means for easily defining agents as object types and for performing functions on instances of objects and wherein an instance of the agent object type comprises an indication of a collection of objects of at least one of the defined object types, an indication of at least one rule to be applied to the collection of objects, and an indication of an event the occurrence of which causes the rule to be applied to the collection of objects.

17. The computer system of claim 16, further comprising:

means for creating user-tailorable views of an object type, wherein a view is defined by one or more selected fields of the object type.

18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein agents are defined as objects having fields including functions to be performed, and wherein the means for creating views allows a view to be created based on fields of agent objects.

19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein link may be active links in fields of objects;

and

wherein the means for creating views may create a view of objects generated by following active links in the field defined for the view.

20. The computer system of claim 17, wherein links may be active links in fields of objects;

and

wherein the means for creating views may create a view of objects generated by following active links in the field defined for the view.

21. The computer system of claim 20, wherein a field may contain both text and an active link.

22. An object-oriented computer user interface system, comprising:

a semi-structured generic object type defining a collection of fields, wherein information in at least one of the fields may be of any type;

an agent object type derived from the generic object type, wherein an agent, an instance of the agent object type, comprises;

an indication of a collection of instances of an object type derived from the generic object type,

a collection of rules to be applied to the collection of instances of an object type,

an indication of a trigger condition indicating when the collection of rules is to be applied, and

a trigger method for evaluating occurrence of the trigger condition; and

a data record object type derived from the generic object type, wherein a data record, an instance of the data record object type, comprises;

a collection of fields for storing data.

23. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 22, further comprising:

a folder object type, derived from the generic object type, wherein a folder, an instance of the folder object type, comprises;

a collection of instances of an object type; and

a display method for displaying of the collection of instances of the object type in a user-selected format.

24. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 23, wherein the indication of the collection of instances of an object type in an agent is an indication of a folder.

25. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 22, further comprising:

a rule object type, derived from the generic object type, wherein a rule, an instance of the rule object type, comprises;

a collection of descriptions corresponding to an object type describing conditions to be applied to instance of the object type; and

a corresponding collection of actions to be performed on an instance of the object type if the condition is met.

26. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 22, further comprising:

a description object type, derived from the generic object type, wherein a description, an instance of the description object type, comprises;

a collection of fields corresponding to fields of a first object type for storing values indicative of conditions to be met by an instance of the first object type, wherein an instance of the first object type may include a link to an instance of a second object type and wherein a value stored in one of the fields of the description is another description of the second object type; and

wherein the collection of descriptions in a rule is a collection of instances of the description object type.

27. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 22, wherein a first instance of an object type derived from the generic object type may include a link to a second instance of an object type derived from the generic object type.

28. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 27, wherein the link is an active link that is displayed to the user and is selectable by the user to cause display of the second instance.

29. The object-oriented computer user interface of claim 22, further comprising:

means for permitting a user to select fields of object for displaying the object, thereby providing for user-tailorable views.