Apparatus for coaxial breast biopsy

• US 5,795,308 A
• Filed: 07/26/1996
• Issued: 08/18/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lincoln D. Russin
• Original Assignee: Lincoln D. Russin
• Inventors: Russin, Lincoln D.
• Primary Examiner(s): HINDENBURG, MAX F
• Application Number:
  US08/690,185
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 128/749, 128/751-754, 606/167, 606/170
• US Class Current: 600/567
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 10/0266 means for severing sample
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/282 Jaws
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32002 with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/32056 Surgical snare instruments for removing or smashing calculi A61B2017/2212; tonsillotomes A61B17/26
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/3421 Cannulas
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/32004 having a laterally movable cutting member at its most distal end which remains within the contours of said end
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3908 Soft tissue, e.g. breast tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/17 for soft tissue, e.g. breast-holding devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/39 Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers

Abstract

A device and method for coaxial breast biopsy utilizing a rigid rod. The suspected cancer is pierced by a rigid rod which stabilizes the cancer in the path of a cutting cannula and provides mechanical guidance for the cannula as it incises a cylinder of tissue centered on the rod. The rigid rod has retractable anchor hooks and a spiked collar to slide over the rod. The cancer is bracketed by the anchor hooks distally and the spiked collar proximally to stabilize it on the rod and mark its position for excision by the cannula. Associated tools enable insertion and positioning of the rod with anchor hooks and the spiked collar while the cutting cannula employs an internally situated snare wire to sever the specimen from the breast once it has been incised by the cannula. A reel mechanism or hemostat is used to tighten the snare wire. The location of the biopsy within the breast is marked with a spring clip and clip injector in case further therapy is required. An incision from the skin down to the location of the spiked collar is made with a power scalpel with an oscillating circular blade. A stabilizing device is utilized to facilitate the initial incision in the breast and subsequent passage of the cutting cannula.

Claims

1. A biopsy kit comprising:

a) a stiff, point-sharpened rod;

b) a bevel-ended tube adapted to pass coaxially over the stiff, point-sharpened rod;

c) a stiff anchor rod having a plurality of flexible, resilient anchor hooks located at a distal end thereof, said stiff anchor rod and plurality of flexible anchor hooks being adapted to pass through the bevel-ended tube until the anchor hooks extend beyond the bevel-ended tube;

d) an insertion tube having a collar seat at an insertion and thereof, said insertion tube being adapted to pass coaxially over the stiff anchor rod; and

,

e) a spiked collar having a plurality of flexible, resilient radially extending spikes adapted to be positioned removably against the collar seat of said insertion tube whereby the stiff, point-sharpened rod can penetrate and impale a suspected cancer with the bevel-ended tube thereafter positioned coaxially over the stiff, point-sharpened rod which can then be withdrawn leaving the bevel-ended tube located with respect to the suspected cancer to provide a guide for the stiff anchor rod that passes through the bevel-ended tube with the anchor hooks extending beyond the bevel-ended tube which can then be withdrawn so that the insertion tube can pass coaxially over the anchor rod with the spiked collar positioned removably against the collar seat of the insertion tube.

2. The biopsy kit of claim 1 further comprising:

a microscalpel having a longitudinally extending tube adapted to pass coaxially over said stiff anchor rod and an arcuate cutting blade mounted on said longitudingly extending tube at a distal end thereof.

3. The biopsy kit of claim 1 further comprising:

a powered microscalpel comprising;

a) a housing having a longitudinal axis;

b) an electrically powered motor mounted within said housing, said motor providing reciprocatory motion in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing;

c) a circular scalpel having a cutting portion along at least a segment of the circumference of the circular scalpel;

d) means for rotationally mounting said circular scalpel with respect to said housing; and

,

e) means for imparting the reciprocatory motion of said motor to said circular scalpel to rotate the circular scalpel clockwise and counter-clockwise.

4. The biopsy kit of claim 1 further comprising:

a breast compression and stabilization instrument having;

a) a first tong having an intermediate section, a finger receiving aperture at one end of the intermediate section and a pair of tines at the other end thereof;

b) a second tong having and intermediate section, a finger receiving aperture at one end of the intermediate section and a relatively flat spoon portion at the other end thereof;

c) means for rotationally securing said first and second tongs together in a scissor-like manner; and

,

d) means for releasably holding said first and second tongs at a fixed position relative to each other so that a desired open distance can be releasably maintained between said tines and said relatively flat spoon portion during breast biopsy.

5. The biopsy kit of claim 1 further comprising:

a cannula having a cutting end and being adapted to coaxially advance along the stiff anchor rod.

6. The biopsy kit of claim 5 wherein said cannula has a snare loop located within the cannula and wherein the snare loop includes two standing ends that are parallel with respect to said stiff anchor rod and extend along said cannula away from its cutting end whereby when said standing ends are pulled in a direction away from the cutting end of the cannula, the snare loop is closed.

7. The biopsy kit of claim 6 wherein said snare loop standing ends are positioned externally to said cannula and further comprising an outer tube adapted to slip over the cannula and hold the standing ends with respect to the cannula.

8. The biopsy kit of claim 6 wherein the cannula has an internal circumferential groove adjacent to the cutting end of said cannula and wherein said snare loop rests in said internal circumferential groove.

9. The biopsy kit of claim 8 wherein said snare loop is a resilient material having sufficient resiliency to maintain the snare loop in said internal circumferential groove prior to pulling said standing ends.

10. The biopsy kit of claim 8 wherein the cannula internal circumferential groove has an aperture and wherein said snare loop standing ends are positioned externally by passing them through said aperture.

11. The biopsy kit of claim 5 wherein said cannula has an external longitudinal groove and wherein said standing ends are positioned therein.

12. The biopsy kit of claim 5 further comprising:

a) a flexible, resilient metallic target clip;

b) a longitudinally extending target clip insertion tube having a longitudinal axis and an arcuate base member adapted to fit on the cannula so that the longitudinal axis of the target clip insertion tube is parallel to the stiff anchor rod; and

,

c) a target clip insertion rod adapted to fit within and move along the longitudinal axis of the target clip insertion tube to drive a flexible, resilient metallic target clip positioned therein along said axis for injection into tissue of a patient.