Device for use in analyte detection assays

• US 5,798,215 A
• Filed: 04/06/1995
• Issued: 08/25/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Biocircuits Corporation
• Original Assignee: Biocircuits Corporation
• Inventors: Langford, Jeffrey B., Cathey, Cheryl A., Ribi, Hans O., Saul, Tom, Paul, David J., Bloom, Nicole D., Schwartz, Henry L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Christopher L.
• Application Number:
  US08/420,987
• Time in Patent Office: 1,237 Days
• Field of Search: 422/55, 422/57, 422/58, 422/61, 422/64, 435/7.9, 435/7.92, 435/7.93, 435/7.94, 435/287.1, 435/287.2, 435/288.4, 435/288.5, 435/288.7, 435/810, 436/514, 436/518, 436/524, 436/527, 436/528, 436/800, 436/805, 436/807, 436/808, 436/810, 436/164, 436/172, 436/537
• US Class Current: 435/7.9
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 33/30 Micromixers
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 33/452 using independent floating stirring elements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0684 Venting, avoiding backpressure, avoid gas bubbles
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/10 Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/16 Reagents, handling or storing thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0681 Filter
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0867 Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/087 Multiple sequential chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0406 capillary forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0677 phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0688 surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/086 using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50273 characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids micropumps F04B19/006, of the membrane type F04B43/043
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502738 characterised by integrated valves microvalves F16K99/0001
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/52 with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples amplification or hybridisation processes per se C12Q1/68; controlling sequential reactions for synthesis B01J19/0046
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00267 Meltable plugs
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/54366 Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/81 : Packaged device or kit
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/805 : Optical property
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/807 : Apparatus included in process claim, e.g. physical support structures
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/808 : Automated or kit
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/81 : Tube, bottle, or dipstick

Abstract

A device and method for its use in diagnostic assays are provided. The device comprises at least one assay path, where an assay path includes a main flow path and at least one side reagent channel. The main flow path begins at a sample addition port, continues through a main reagent area into an incubation area and ends in a waste area. In fluid communication with the main flow path is at least one side reagent channel that begins at a liquid addition port, continues through a side reagent area and ends in said main channel at a region between the main reagent and waste areas, usually upstream from the incubation area. Agitation means may be included in at least one of the main and side reagent areas and/or the incubation area. At least one fluid interruption means located at various positions along the main and side reagent channels upstream from the incubation area provide for control over reagent interaction and fluid flow through the device. Applications in which the device finds use include diagnostic assays employing signal producing systems based on the interactions of specific binding pair members, where an optical signal is related to the presence of analyte.

Claims

1. A device for use in analyte detection comprising:

(a) a main flow path comprising;

a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

at least one reagent incubation area downstream from said sample addition port;

and

a waste area downstream from said reagent incubation area;

(b) at least one side channel, said side channel comprising;

a liquid addition port and

a side reagent area for introducing a liquid into said reagent incubation area;

(c) at least one fluid interruption means positioned along said main flow path or side channel upstream from said reagent incubation area; and

(d) at least one reagent in said main flow path or said side channel,

wherein said side channel is in fluid communication with said main flow path at a region of said main flow path upstream from said incubation area and wherein said analyte, if present, reacts with a reagent to produce a detectable signal in said reagent incubation area.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said main flow path is a capillary.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein said device further comprises agitation means in at least one of said reagent incubation and side reagent areas.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said device comprises a plurality of main flow paths in fluid communication with said sample addition port.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said main flow path comprises a plurality of incubation areas.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said fluid interruption means is a capillary valve.

7. An assay device for use in analyte detection comprising at least one assay path, wherein said assay path comprises:

(a) a main flow path comprising

(i) a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(ii) a main reagent area that is adjacent said sample addition port and that contains a reagent;

(iii) a transport conduit downstream from said main reagent area comprising two inlet ports in opposing relationship;

(iv) an incubation area downstream from said transport conduit; and

(v) a waste area downstream from said incubation area;

(b) two side reagent channels on opposite sides of said main flow path comprising;

(i) a liquid addition port and

(ii) a side reagent area, wherein each of said side reagent channels is in fluid communication with said main flow path at a corresponding inlet port at said transport conduit; and

(c) at least one capillary valve in said main flow path or side reagent channel upstream from said incubation area;

wherein said analyte, if present, reacts with a reagent to produce a detectable in said incubation area.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein said incubation area has a volume ranging from 5 μ

l to 200 μ

l.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein said incubation area comprises an assay platform.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein said assay platform comprises an elevated region of floor of said incubation area.

11. The device according to claim 9, wherein said assay platform comprises a filter.

12. The device according to claim 7, wherein at least a portion of said main flow path is a capillary.

13. The device according to claim 7, wherein said device further comprises an agitation means in at least one of said main and side reagent areas.

14. The device according to claim 7, wherein said device further comprises at least one air channel positioned in at least one of said main flow path and side reagent channels.

15. An assay device for use in analyte detection comprising at least two assay paths, wherein each of said assay paths comprises:

(a) a main flow path comprising;

(i) a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing analyte;

(ii) a main reagent area adjacent said sample addition port comprising at least one reagent trough for containing reagent and an agitation means;

(iii) a transport conduit that is downstream of the main reagent area, upstream of an incubation area and comprises two inlet ports in opposing relationship;

(iv) an incubation area being downstream of said transport conduit; and

(v) a waste area that is downstream of said incubation area and that comprises an outlet port;

(b) two side reagent channels on opposite sides of said main flow path, wherein each of said side channels comprises;

(i) a liquid addition port; and

(ii) a side reagent area comprising an agitation means and at least one reagent trough for containing reagent, wherein each of said side reagent channels is in fluid communication with said transport conduit at one of said inlet ports of said transport conduit;

(c) at least one capillary valve in at least one of said main flow path and side reagent channels upstream from said incubation area; and

(d) a reagent in the reagent trough of at least one of said main reagent area or said side reagent areas, wherein said analyte, if present, reacts with a reagent to produce a detectable signal in said incubation area.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein said agitation means is an impeller.

17. The device according to claim 15, wherein said assay paths are present in a housing, said housing comprising a top and bottom plate fastened together, wherein said top plate has an optically clear window for viewing said detectable signal.

18. The device according to claim 17, further comprising a reference region which is not in fluid communication with said assay path.

19. The device according to claim 17, further comprising a priming trough which is not in fluid communication with said assay path.

20. The device of claim 15, further comprising an overflow trough in fluid receiving relationship with said incubation and waste areas.

21. A method for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample using a device having:

(a) a main flow path comprising;

(i) a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(ii) at least one reagent incubation area downstream from said sample addition port; and

(iii) a waste area downstream from said incubation area;

(b) at least one side channel comprising (i) a liquid addition port and (ii) a side reagent area, wherein said side channel is in fluid communication with said main flow path upstream of said incubation area;

(c) at least one fluid interruption means in one of said main flow path and side channel; and

(d) at least one reagent that is a member of a signal producing system and that is in said main flow path or said side channel, wherein said side channel is in fluid communication with said main flow path at a region of said main flow path upstream from said waste area,

said method comprising;

introducing sample suspected of containing an analyte into said sample addition port, whereby said sample flows down said main flow path and reacts with a reagent member of said signal producing system;

washing said reagent incubation area substantially free of sample components unreacted with a member of said signal producing system;

introducing liquid comprising at least one additional member of said signal producing system into said incubation area, whereby an optically detectable signal is produced in said incubation area; and

detecting said optical signal at least one time to determine the presence of analyte in said sample.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the signal producing system comprises an enzyme label which converts a substrate to a fluorescent product.

23. A method according to claim 21, wherein the signal producing system comprises a chemiluminescent label.

24. A method according to claim 21, wherein at least one member of the signal producing system comprises an antibody-dye label and wherein said antibody-dye label reacts with said suspected analyte or other member of said signal-producing system.

25. A method according to claim 21, wherein said at least one member of signal producing system comprises a polymerized lipid membrane.

26. A method according to claim 25, wherein said optical signal comprises a change in the optical properties of said lipid membrane.

27. A method according to claim 25, wherein said change in optical properties is one of a change in fluorescent emissions or a change in absorption of said lipid membrane.

28. A method according to claim 21, wherein said reagent incubation area comprises a main reagent area and an incubation area separated by a transport conduit, wherein said main reagent area comprises a first member of said signal producing system and said incubation area comprises a second member of said signal producing system.

29. A method according to claim 21, wherein said side reagent area comprises a member of said signal producing system and said method further comprises introducing liquid into said liquid addition port prior to said washing step for contact with said member of a signal producing system.

30. A disposable assay device for use in analyte detection, said device comprising:

a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing analyte, which port is in fluid communication with at least one main channel, wherein at least a portion of said main channel is a capillary and said main channel comprises;

at least one reagent incubation area; and

a waste area, wherein said waste area is downstream from said incubation area; and

at least one side channel, said side channel comprising;

a liquid addition port and

a side reagent area downstream from said liquid addition port;

wherein (i) there is at least one reagent in the main channel or side channel, (ii), side reagent area of said side channel is in fluid communication with said main channel at a region of said main channel upstream from said reagent incubation area, and (iii) said analyte, if present, reacts with a reagent to produce a detectable signal in said reagent incubation area.

31. A detection system for use in analyte detection comprising:

an optical sensor and

an assay device comprising;

(a) a main flow path comprising;

a sample addition port for adding a sample suspected of containing an analyte,

at least one reagent incubation area downstream from said sample addition port, and

a waste area downstream from said reagent incubation area;

(b) at least one side channel, said side channel comprising;

a liquid addition port and

a side reagent area for introducing a liquid into said reagent incubation area;

(c) at least one fluid interruption means positioned along said main flow or side reagent channel upstream from said reagent incubation area; and

(d) at least one reagent in said main flow path or said side channel,

wherein said side channel is in fluid communication with said main flow path at a region of said main flow path upstream from said incubation area, and said analyte, if present, reacts with a reagent to produce a detectable signal in said reagent incubation area and said optical sensor reads said detectable signal.

32. The detection system of claim 31, further including a sample dispenser for adding sample to said sample addition port of the cartridge.

33. The detection system of claim 31, further including a liquid dispenser for adding liquid to said liquid addition port of the cartridge.

34. The detection system of claim 31, further including a temperature control associated with said cartridge for manipulating the temperature of said cartridge.