Method and apparatus for charging a plurality of electric vehicles

• US 5,803,215 A
• Filed: 01/22/1997
• Issued: 09/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Schott Power Systems Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Schott Power Systems Incorporated
• Inventors: Nicholls, Kenneth E., Henze, Christopher P.
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, MARK T
• Application Number:
  US08/787,208
• Time in Patent Office: 594 Days
• Field of Search: 191/2, 191/3, 191/4, 191/5, 191/8, 320/2, 320/15, 320/22, 320/27, 320/28, 320/29, 320/30, 320/35, 320/36, 320/43, 320/48, 320/104, 320/107, 320/108, 320/109, 320/111, 320/125, 320/137, 320/138, 320/150
• US Class Current: 191/2
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/20 characterised by converters located in the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

A method and apparatus for charging batteries of a plurality of vehicles includes a power source converter connectable to a power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a selected voltage potential that is distributed on a distribution bus. A plurality of vehicle connecting stations are connected to the distribution bus. Each vehicle connecting station includes a station power converter for receiving electrical power from the power source converter for charging the battery and a station controller to control electrical power flow to the vehicle battery.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle charging system receiving power from a power source and charging batteries of a plurality of vehicles, the system comprising:

a power source converter connectable to the power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a selected voltage potential;

a distribution bus for carrying the selected voltage potential;

a plurality of vehicle connecting stations connected to the distribution bus wherein each vehicle connecting station comprises;

a station power converter having input terminals connected to the distribution bus for receiving electrical power from the power source converter at the selected voltage potential, and a coupler connectable to a vehicle battery; and

a station controller operably connected to the station power converter to control electrical power flow to the vehicle battery; and

means for measuring a temperature of the power source converter and allowing the power source converter to exceed a steady-state rating as a function of temperature of the power source converter.

2. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the distribution bus carries a second voltage potential, and wherein a first one of said station power converters is connected to the distribution bus to receive the first-mentioned voltage potential and a second one of said station power converters is connected to receive the second voltage potential.

3. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 2 wherein the first-mentioned voltage potential is DC and the second voltage potential is AC.

4. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein at least one station controller ascertains charging parameters for charging the corresponding battery.

5. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 and further comprising a supervisory controller operably connected to each of the station controllers to provide a signal indicative of a maximum charging rate of the corresponding vehicle battery.

6. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 5 wherein each station power converter has a steady-state power converting rating, and wherein a sum of the steady-state power converting ratings of the plurality of vehicle connecting stations exceeds a steady-state power converting rating of the power source converter.

7. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 5 and further comprising a sensor for sensing an operating state of the power source converter and providing a signal indicative of the operating state to the supervisory controller, and wherein the supervisory controller provides signals to each of the station controllers as a function of the operating state of the power source converter.

8. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the power source converter includes a transformer and the means for measuring measures a temperature of the transformer.

9. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein the supervisory controller includes an input terminal for receiving a signal indicative of a maximum rate of power to be drawn from the power source, and wherein the supervisory controller controls at least one of the station controllers as a function of the maximum rate of power to be drawn from the power source.

10. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 1 wherein a first vehicle connecting station of the plurality of vehicle connecting stations includes an inductive coupler, and a second vehicle connecting station of the plurality of vehicle connecting stations includes a conductive coupler.

11. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 10 wherein the conductive coupler comprises an AC conductive coupler.

12. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 10 wherein the conductive coupler comprises a DC conductive coupler.

13. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 10 wherein the selected voltage potential comprises a DC voltage.

14. A method of charging batteries of a plurality of vehicles from a power source, the method comprising:

converting electrical power with a power source converter from the power source to a selected voltage potential;

measuring a temperature of the power source converter;

distributing the selected voltage potential to a plurality of vehicle connecting stations wherein each vehicle connecting station includes a coupler connected to a vehicle battery; and

controlling individually the rate of charge for each vehicle battery as a function of the temperature of the power source and allowing the power source converter to exceed a steady-state rating.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of controlling includes controlling the rate of charge of at least one vehicle battery to equalize the charge in the battery.

16. The method of claim 14 and further providing a signal to each vehicle connecting station indicative of a maximum charging rate provided to each corresponding vehicle battery.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein each vehicle connecting station has a steady-state power supply rating, and wherein a sum of the steady-state power converting ratings of the plurality of vehicle connecting stations exceeds a steady-state power converting rating of the power converted during the step of converting.

18. The method of claim 16 and further comprising a step of obtaining a signal indicative of a maximum rate of power to be drawn from the power source, and wherein the step of providing includes providing signals to the vehicle connecting stations as a function of the maximum rate of power to be drawn from the power source.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein the power source comprises a utility system providing AC power at a distribution level voltage, and wherein the step of converting includes providing a power source converter having a transformer with input terminals connected to the utility system for receiving power at the distribution level voltage, and wherein the step of measuring includes measuring a temperature of the transformer.

20. An electric vehicle charging system for charging batteries of a plurality of electric vehicles from a power source, the electric vehicle charging system comprising:

a power source converter connectable to the power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a DC voltage potential;

a distribution bus for carrying the DC voltage potential;

a first vehicle connecting station connected to the distribution bus and having an inductive power coupler for charging a battery of a first vehicle; and

a second vehicle connecting station connected to the distribution bus and comprising a power converter for converting the DC voltage potential to an AC voltage potential;

a rectifier connected to the power converter for receiving and rectifying the AC voltage potential; and

a DC power coupler connected to the rectifier and connectable to the battery.

21. An electric vehicle charging system for charging a battery of an electric vehicle from a power source, the electric vehicle charging system comprising:

a power source converter connectable to the power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a selected voltage potential;

a vehicle connecting station for receiving the selected voltage potential and providing charge to the battery;

a temperature sensor for providing an output signal indicative of an operating temperature of the power source converter; and

a controller receiving the output signal and controlling a rate of charge provided by the vehicle connecting station as a function of the output signal, wherein the controller allows the power source converter to exceed a steady-state rating as a function of the output signal.

22. An electric vehicle charging system for charging a battery of an electric vehicle from a power source, the electric vehicle charging system comprising:

a power source converter connectable to the power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a selected voltage potential;

a vehicle connecting station for receiving the selected voltage potential and providing charge to the battery;

a signal line from the power source, wherein the signal line carries a signal indicative of the power to be received from the power source; and

a controller receiving the signal and controlling the power provided by the vehicle connecting station as a function of the signal.

23. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 22 and further comprising a plurality of vehicle connecting stations for receiving the selected voltage potential, wherein the controller controls the power provided by each vehicle connecting station.

24. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 22, wherein the controller controls the maximum charging rate provided by the vehicle connecting station as a function of the signal.

25. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 22 wherein the controller controls the maximum power provided by the vehicle connecting station as a function of the signal.

26. A method of charging a battery of a vehicle from a power source, the method comprising:

converting electrical power with a power source converter from the power source to a selected voltage potential;

receiving a signal from the power source indicative of the power to be converted;

distributing the selected voltage potential to a vehicle connecting station wherein the vehicle connecting station includes a coupler connected to a vehicle battery; and

controlling the power delivered to the vehicle battery as a function of the signal.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of distributing comprises distributing the selected voltage potential to a plurality of vehicle connecting stations, wherein each vehicle connecting station includes a coupler connected to a vehicle battery, and wherein the step of controlling includes controlling the power delivered to each vehicle battery as a function of the signal.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of controlling includes controlling the maximum charging rate delivered to the vehicle battery as a function of the signal.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of controlling includes controlling the maximum power delivered to the vehicle battery as a function of the signal.

30. An electric vehicle charging system for charging a battery of an electric vehicle from a power source, the electric vehicle charging system comprising:

a power source converter connectable to the power source to receive electrical power and for converting the electrical power to a DC voltage potential;

a distribution bus for carrying the DC voltage potential;

a vehicle connecting station comprising;

a power converter for converting the DC voltage potential to an AC voltage potential;

a rectifier connected to the power converter for receiving and rectifying the AC voltage potential; and

a DC power coupler connected to the rectifier and connectable to the battery.

31. The electric vehicle charging system of claim 30 wherein the vehicle connecting station includes an inductive power coupler connected to the power converter for receiving the AC voltage potential.