Composite structure adapted for controlled structural deformation

• US 5,804,276 A
• Filed: 07/11/1997
• Issued: 09/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation), Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation), Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Perry, Alan R., Thomas, Matthew M., Jacobs, Jack H., Grosskrueger, Duane D., Carpenter, Bernie F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, John J.
• Application Number:
  US08/890,779
• Time in Patent Office: 424 Days
• Field of Search: 428/624, 428/625, 428/626, 428/105, 428/110, 428/294, 428/458, 428/114, 428/295
• US Class Current: 428/110
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 53/02 Bending or folding B29C53/22, B29C53/34, B29C53/36, B29C53/56 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 53/04 of plates or sheets B29C63/04 takes precedence; bending or folding paper B31F1/0003; folding films B65H45/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/086 and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers applying a non-preformed coating, e.g. a gel-coat, B29C37/0025; with foam blocks B29C70/86
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/088 and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/865 completely encapsulated
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/08 of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2009/00 Layered products
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 15/02 Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 15/08 of synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2310/0843 using laser
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2311/005 Shape memory alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/281 comprising polyimides
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/285 comprising polyethers
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 3/18 characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side B32B5/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/12 using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/14 applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 1/06 Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2001/0072 from composite materials
• CPC Class Codes: C22F 1/006 Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/109 : Embedding of laminae within face of additional laminae
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1092 : All laminae planar and face to face
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1093 : with covering of discrete laminae with additional lamina
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24099 : On each side of strands or strand-portions
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24132 : including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31681 : Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]

Abstract

A composite structure and related fabrication method is provided which has a plurality of composite material layers and at least one embedded shape memory alloy component for providing controlled structural deformation. The shape memory alloy component includes a shape memory alloy tendon having a relaxed shape at temperatures below a predetermined transition temperature and a contracted shape at temperatures above the predetermined transition temperature. The shape memory alloy component also comprises a pair of electrically insulating opposing face sheets adhered to opposite sides of the shape memory alloy tendon to electrically isolate the shape memory alloy tendon from the surrounding composite material layers. The shape memory alloy component is embedded within the plurality of composite material layers such that raising the temperature of the shape memory alloy tendon above the transition temperature creates a controlled structural deformation of both the shape memory alloy component and the surrounding composite material layers.

Claims

1. A composite structure adapted for controlled structural deformation, the composite structure comprising:

a plurality of composite material layers; and

a shape memory alloy component embedded within said composite material layers, said shape memory alloy component comprising;

a shape memory alloy tendon having a relaxed shape at temperatures below a transition temperature and a contracted shape at temperatures above the transition temperature; and

first and second face sheets adhered to opposite sides of said shape memory alloy tendon, said first and second face sheets being comprised of an insulating material to thereby electrically isolate said shape memory alloy tendon from said surrounding composite material layers;

wherein said shape memory alloy component is embedded within said composite material layers such that said shape memory alloy tendon is accessible for external actuation thereof, and wherein actuation of said shape memory alloy tendon by raising the temperature of said shape memory alloy tendon above the transition temperature creates a controlled sttructural deformation of both said shape memory alloy component and said surrounding composite material layers.

2. A composite structure according to claim 1 wherein said shape memory alloy tendon comprises a plurality of shape memory alloy wires adhered between said first and second face sheets.

3. A composite structure according to claim 1 wherein said shape memory alloy tendon comprises a shape memory alloy foil adhered between said first and second face sheets.

4. A composite structure according to claim 1 wherein the first and second face sheets are comprised of an insulating material which provides both electrical and thermal isolation from said surrounding composite material layers.

5. A composite structure according to claim 4 wherein the insulating material is a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyetheretherketone and polyetherimide.

6. A shape memory alloy component adapted to be embedded within a composite structure, the shape memory alloy component comprising:

a shape memory alloy tendon having a relaxed shape at temperatures below a transition temperature and a contracted shape at temperatures above the transition temperature;

first and second face sheets disposed on opposite sides of said shape memory alloy tendon, said first and second face sheets being comprised of a thermoplastic material to thereby electrically isolate said shape memory alloy tendon from the composite structure in which the resulting shape memory alloy component is embedded; and

adhesive disposed between said first and second face sheets and about said shape memory alloy tendon to thereby form an integral shape memory alloy component adapted to be embedded within a composite structure such that actuation of said shape memory alloy tendon by raising the temperature of said shape memory alloy tendon above the transition temperature creates a controlled structural deformation of both the shape memory alloy component and the composite structure.

7. A shape memory alloy component according to claim 6 wherein said shape memory alloy tendon comprises a plurality of shape memory alloy wires disposed between said first and second face sheets.

8. A shape memory alloy component according to claim 6 wherein said shape memory alloy tendon comprises a shape memory alloy foil disposed between said first and second face sheets.

9. A shape memory alloy component according to claim 6 wherein the shape memory alloy component has opposed end edges and opposed side edges, and wherein said adhesive is disposed along the opposed side edges between the first and second face sheets to thereby further electrically isolate said shape memory alloy tendon from the composite structure in which the resulting shape memory alloy component is embedded.

10. A shape memory alloy component according to claim 6 wherein the thermoplastic material from which said first and second face sheets are comprised is selected from the group consisting of polyetheretherketone and polyetherimide.