Cordless device with battery imbalance indicator

• US 5,805,068 A
• Filed: 08/25/1995
• Issued: 09/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bradus, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Swarthout, Brent A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRIEU, VAN THANH
• Application Number:
  US08/519,382
• Time in Patent Office: 1,110 Days
• Field of Search: 340/636, 340/660, 340/661, 340/663, 324/433, 324/434
• US Class Current: 340/636.15
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]

Abstract

A cordless device 11 comprises a load 13 and a multiple pack power supply 15 connected to load 13. A voltage detection circuit 23, 63, 64, 75, 76 is connected to supply 15 and detects when one of the batteries 17, 19 is charged and the other is discharged. Circuits 23, 63, 65, 75, 76 may also function as a voltage comparator circuit to identify when one of the batteries 17, 19 is defective. The detection or comparator circuit includes comparators 25, 33 for comparing the battery voltages. An indicator 41, 43, 65, 74, 81 is connected to the output of comparators 25, 33 and provides an end user identifiable signal responsive to the outputs of comparators 25, 33.

Claims

1. A battery powered device for supplying power to a load comprising:

a power supply connectable to the load and comprising first and second batteries;

the first and second batteries being connected in series with the voltage of each battery being summed with the voltage of the other battery to provide a summed voltage for application to the load;

a first voltage divider circuit across which is established a first voltage representative of the summed voltage and across a portion of which is established a second voltage representative of the voltage of the first battery;

a second voltage divider circuit across which is established a third voltage representative of the summed voltage and across a portion of which is established a fourth voltage representative of the voltage of the second battery;

a battery-connection circuit connected between the first and second batteries for establishing voltage levels representative of the actual voltage of the first and second batteries; and

a voltage detection circuit, connected to the first voltage divider circuit, the second voltage divider circuit and the battery-connection circuit, for detecting that the first battery is charged and the second battery is substantially discharged when the voltage of the second battery exceeds the voltage of the first battery by a first predetermined amount proportional to the summed voltage, and for detecting that the second battery is charged and the first battery is substantially discharged when the voltage of the first battery exceeds the voltage of the second battery by a second predetermined amount proportional to the summed voltage.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein:

the detection circuit comprises a first comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected to the first voltage divider circuit and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the second battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the second battery; and

the first comparator generates a first output signal when the voltage of the second battery exceeds the voltage of the first battery by the first predetermined amount proportionate to the summed voltage.

3. The device of claim 2 wherein:

the detection circuit comprises a second comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected to the first battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the first battery and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the second voltage divider circuit and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries; and

the second comparator generates a second output signal when the voltage of the first battery exceeds the voltage of the second battery by the second predetermined amount proportionate to the summed voltage.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein the detection circuit comprises a first indicator connected to the output of the first comparator to signal that the first battery is substantially discharged responsive to the second output signal.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein the detection circuit comprises a second indicator connected to the output of the second comparator to signal that the second battery is substantially discharged responsive to the second output signal.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein the first and second indicators are first and second LEDs.

7. The device of claim 3 wherein:

the first divider circuit attenuates the voltage input to the first comparator positive input to transition from greater than to less than the voltage input to the first comparator negative input when the voltage of the second battery exceeds the voltage of the first battery by the predetermined amount; and

the second divider attenuates the voltage input to the second comparator negative input to transition from less than to greater than the voltage input to the second comparator positive input when the voltage of the first battery exceeds the voltage of the second battery by the predetermined amount.

8. The device of claim 4 wherein the first indicator is connected to the output of the second comparator to signal that the second battery is substantially discharged responsive to the second output signal.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the first indicator is an LED.

10. The device of claim 8 wherein the first indicator is a means for disabling operation of the device.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the disabling means is a relay for open circuiting the load and power supply circuit.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein the disabling means comprises:

a transistor and current limiting resistor connected in circuit with the first and second comparator outputs and the relay; and

the current flowing to the first and second comparator outputs being limited to the emitter-base current of the transistor and the current flowing through the relay being conducted through the emitter-collector circuit of the transistor.

13. The device of claim 10 wherein:

the disabling means is a FET connected in the power supply and load circuit;

the outputs of the first and second comparators are connected in circuit with the gate of the FET;

the comparators during normal operation of the device are set high allowing a pull up resistor to raise the gate voltage of the FET thereby turning the FET on;

the comparators, upon detecting that the batteries have an imbalanced state of charge and that one battery is substantially discharged, provide a low output from one of the comparators to bias the gate of the FET to a low voltage and thereby turn the FET off.

14. A battery powered device for supplying power to a load comprising:

a power supply connectable to the load and comprising first and second batteries which are connected in series;

a first voltage divider circuit connected across the series-connected first and second batteries;

a second voltage divider circuit connected across the series-connected first and second batteries; and

a voltage comparator circuit connected to the first and second voltage divider circuits and to a juncture between the first and second batteries for generating a signal (a) when the first battery is charged and the second battery is substantially discharged and (b) when the second battery is charged and the first battery is substantially discharged.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein the detection circuit comprises:

a first comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected in circuit with the first and second batteries and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the second battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the second battery;

the first comparator generating a first output signal when the voltage of the second battery exceeds the voltage of the first battery by a first predetermined amount proportionate to the voltage sum;

a second comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected in circuit with the second battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the second battery and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the first and second batteries and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries; and

the second comparator generating a second output signal when the voltage of the first battery exceeds the voltage of the second battery by a second predetermined amount proportionate to the voltage sum.

16. A battery powered device for supplying power to a load comprising:

a power supply connectable to the load and comprising first and second batteries which are connected in series;

a first voltage divider circuit connected across the series-connected first and second batteries;

a second voltage divider circuit connected across the series-connected first and second batteries; and

a voltage comparator circuit, connected to the first and second voltage divider circuits and to a juncture between the first and second batteries, for comparing the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries to the voltage of the second battery and generating an output signal when the difference between the voltage sum and the second battery exceeds a predetermined absolute value proportionate to the voltage sum.

17. The device of claim 16 wherein the voltage comparator circuit comprises:

a first comparator for generating the output signal when the second battery voltage exceeds the first battery voltage by the predetermined value, and

a second comparator for generating the output signal when the first battery voltage exceeds the second battery voltage by the predetermined value.

18. The device of claim 17 wherein the voltage comparator circuit further comprises an indicator connected to the outputs of the first and second comparators for generating a user identifiable signal responsive to the output signal from the first and second comparators.

19. The device of claim 18 wherein the indicator is an LED providing a visual user identifiable signal.

20. The device of claim 18 wherein the indicator is a means for disabling operating of the device.

21. The device of claim 20 wherein the disabling means includes a relay for disabling operation of the device.

22. The device of claim 20 wherein the disabling means is a solid state switch for disabling operation of the device.

23. The device of claim 16 wherein the predetermined value corresponds to the difference in voltage between the batteries when one is charged and the other is discharged.

24. The device of claim 16 wherein the voltage comparator circuit comprises:

a first comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected in circuit with the first and second batteries and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the second battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the second battery;

the first comparator generating a first output signal when the voltage of the second battery exceeds the voltage of the first battery by a first predetermined amount proportionate to the voltage sum;

a second comparator having (a) a positive input (i) connected in circuit with the second battery and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the voltage of the second battery and (b) a negative input (i) connected to the first and second batteries and (ii) receiving a voltage input proportional to the sum of the voltages of the first and second batteries; and

the second comparator generating a second output signal when the voltage of the first battery exceeds the voltage of the second battery by a second predetermined amount proportionate to the voltage sum.