Method and device for carrying out detection of at least one non-visible object containing a given material

• US 5,805,660 A
• Filed: 07/16/1996
• Issued: 09/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Heimann Systems
• Original Assignee: Europ SCAN SA
• Inventors: Maitrejean, Serge, Sundermann, Dietmar, Perion, Didier
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Application Number:
  US08/596,117
• Time in Patent Office: 784 Days
• Field of Search: 378/51, 378/53, 378/54, 378/57, 378/56
• US Class Current: 378/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/22 Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays

Abstract

The present invention concerns a method and implementing equipment for detecting at least one object containing a specified material and hidden from view. The method comprising stages of object irradiation by a collimated x-ray beam (21) with an energy range containing a photo-ionization threshold, of detection of the beam having passed through said object (24), is characterized in that furthermore a continuous function representing the attenuation or transmission of the x-rays expressed in terms of energy is determined and a search is made near the energy corresponding to said photo-ionization threshold along the curve representing said continuous function of attenuation or transmission of an inflection point characteristic of the presence of said material. Illustratively this invention is applicable to airport luggage inspection.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the presence of at least one specific material contained in an object, said material evincing a characteristic photo-ionization threshold, wherein:

the object is irradiated by a collimated x-ray beam within an energy range containing said photo-ionization threshold,

the transmitted beam having passed through said object is detected,

characterized in that

a continuous function representing the x-ray attenuation or transmission in terms of energy is determined,

a search is made for the existence of a characteristic inflection point on the curve representing said continuous function of attenuation or transmission in the vicinity of the energy corresponding to said photo-ionization threshold of said material.

2. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that said material evinces a photo-ionization threshold K between 10 kev and 120 kev.

3. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that said material evinces an atomic number Z higher than 70.

4. Method defined in claim 3, characterized in that the material contains lead.

5. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that the determination of the transmission or attenuation functions includes the following stages:

A) The object transmission function is stated in the form of a finite power expansion of the transmission u of a reference thickness of a reference material, a coefficient being assigned to each power of u, the expansion powers being equal to a ratio of the previously determined reference-material thicknesses to the reference thickness,

B) The expansion coefficients are determined;

(a) by measuring the test-beam intensity at different energy spectra,

(b) by measuring the beam intensity transmitted by each of the involved thicknesses of the reference material for each of said energy spectra,

(c) by measuring the beam intensity transmitted by the object for each of said energy spectra, (d) by resolving the beam intensity transmitted by the object into a sum of the intensities measured in stage B) (b) relative to the spectrum involved for each of said energy spectra, the searched-for coefficients being assigned to said intensities,

(e) by solving the system of equations obtained in the step B) (d),

(C) The object attenuation or transmission function in terms of u is derived from the stages A and B.

6. Application of the method defined in claim 1 to detecting detonators/squibs for explosives.

7. Method defined in claim 5, characterized in that said energy spectra partly overlap and in that their number is equal to the number of reference thicknesses increased by 1.

8. Equipment for detecting the presence of at least one specified material present within an object, comprising:

means irradiating the receptacle with a collimated x-ray or gamma-ray beam corresponding to at least one spectral energy band,

means detecting the transmitted beam having passed through said object,

means determining a function representing the changes in attenuation or transmission in terms of energy,

characterized in that it comprises furthermore;

means for obtaining a continuous curve representing said function,

means looking for at least one inflection point on said curve, and

means determining the energy corresponding to said inflection point and characteristic of said detected material.

9. Detection equipment defined in claim 8, characterized in that said material is lead and said object is a detonator/squib for explosives.