Method and apparatus for operating an electric vehicle having a hybrid battery

• US 5,808,448 A
• Filed: 11/30/1995
• Issued: 09/15/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Naito, Shotaro
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ponomarenko, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US08/565,096
• Time in Patent Office: 1,020 Days
• Field of Search: 322/13, 322/14, 322/15, 322/16, 322/28, 320/5, 320/6, 320/9, 320/10
• US Class Current: 322/13
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/025 using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/31 for starting of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides driving method and apparatus for an electric vehicle having a motor for driving the vehicle, a dc electric power source, a control device including a signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of the motor, and a key switch for controlling OFF-ON operation of the motor. The dc electric source includes a power battery (storage battery) connected to the motor and an energy battery (a fuel cell) connected in parallel with the power battery through an energy battery control switch. A battery current/voltage control unit controls the energy battery control switch based on the current or the voltage of the power battery, the energy battery or the motor, to maintain the voltage of the dc electric power source within a given range. A charging unit charges the power battery form the energy battery when the key switch is turned off, if the charge level of the power battery is below a given value, and stops charging if the charge level is above a given value.

Claims

1. Apparatus for driving an electric vehicle having a driving motor, a dc electric power source comprising a power battery coupled to said motor by means of an inverter and an energy battery connected in parallel with said power battery by means of an energy battery control switch, a control device including signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of the motor, and an ON-OFF key switch for said control device, said apparatus comprising:

a battery current/voltage control unit for controlling said energy battery control switch based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery and said motor, and for maintaining a voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range; and

charging means for charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if a charge level of said power battery is below a given value, and for stopping said charging if said charge level is above a given value;

wherein said energy battery has drive pumps coupled to supply fuel and recirculate water, said drive pumps using said power battery as the electric power source at starting operation.

2. Apparatus for driving an electric vehicle having an inventer for converting electric power from a dc electric power source into a variable voltage, variable frequency ac power output, a three-phase ac motor for driving the vehicle, signal generating means for generating a signal to control said inverter, and a key switch for controlling ON-OFF operation of said motor, said dc electric power comprising a power battery connected to said three-phase ac motor by means of an inverter and an energy battery connected in parallel with said power battery through an energy battery control switch, said apparatus comprising:

a battery current/voltage control unit for controlling said energy battery control switch based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery, said three-phase ac motor and said inverter, and for maintaining a voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range; and

charging means for charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if a charge level of said power battery is below a given value, and for stopping said charging if said charge level is above a given value;

wherein said energy battery has drive pumps coupled to supply fuel and recirculate water, said drive pumps using said power battery as the electric power source at starting operation.

3. Apparatus for driving an electric vehicle having a driving motor, a dc electric power source comprising a power battery coupled to said motor by means of an inverter and an energy battery connected in parallel with said power battery by means of an energy battery control switch, a control device including signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of the motor, and an ON-OFF key switch for said control device, said apparatus comprising:

a battery current/voltage control unit for controlling said energy battery control switch based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery and said motor, and for maintaining a voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range; and

charging means for charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if a charge level of said power battery is below a given value, and for stopping said charging if said charge level is above a given value;

wherein said energy battery has drive pumps coupled to supply fuel and recirculate water, said drive pumps using an auxiliary battery as the electric power source at starting operation.

4. Apparatus for driving an electric vehicle having an inventer for converting electric power from a dc electric power source into a variable voltage, variable frequency ac power output, a three-phase ac motor for driving the vehicle, signal generating means for generating a signal to control said inverter, and a key switch for controlling ON-OFF operation of said motor, said dc electric power comprising a power battery connected to said three-phase ac motor by means of an inverter and an energy battery connected in parallel with said power battery through an energy battery control switch, said apparatus comprising:

a battery current/voltage control unit for controlling said energy battery control switch based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery, said three-phase ac motor and said inverter, and for maintaining a voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range; and

charging means for charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if a charge level of said power battery is below a given value, and for stopping said charging if said charge level is above a given value;

wherein said energy battery has drive pumps coupled to supply fuel and recirculate water, said drive pumps using an auxiliary battery as the electric power source at starting operation.

5. Apparatus for driving an electric vehicle having a driving motor, a dc electric power source comprising a power battery coupled to said motor by means of an inverter and an energy battery connected in parallel with said power battery by means of an energy battery control switch, a control device including signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of the motor, and an ON-OFF key switch for said control device, said apparatus comprising:

a battery current/voltage control unit for controlling said energy battery control switch based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery and said motor, and for maintaining a voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range; and

charging means for charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if a charge level of said power battery is below a given value, and for stopping said charging if said charge level is above a given value;

wherein the vehicle has auxiliary machines including an air conditioning motor, a power steering motor and a vacuum motor, said auxiliary machines being driven by said energy battery as the electric power source.

6. Method of driving an electric vehicle having a hybrid battery, a motor for driving the vehicle, a dc electric power source, and signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of said motor, said dc electric power source comprising a power battery connected to said motor, an energy battery which generates a constant output power connected in parallel with said power battery through an energy battery control switch, and a key switch for controlling ON-FF operation of said batteries, said method comprising the steps of:

said battery current/voltage control means maintaining an output voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range by controlling said energy battery control switch, based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery, said three-phase ac motor, and input current of said inventer;

charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if the charge level of said power battery is below a given value; and

stopping charging when said charge level reaches a given value;

wherein said energy battery has pumps to supply fuel and recirculate water, said pumps being driven using said power battery as an electric power source at starting operation.

7. Method of driving an electric vehicle having a hybrid battery, a motor for driving the vehicle, a dc electric power source, and signal generating means for generating a signal to control rotation of said motor, said dc electric power source comprising a power battery connected to said motor, an energy battery which generates a constant output power connected in parallel with said power battery through an energy battery control switch, and a key switch for controlling ON-FF operation of said batteries, said method comprising the steps of:

said battery current/voltage control means maintaining an output voltage of said dc electric power source within a given range by controlling said energy battery control switch, based on current or voltage of one of said power battery, said energy battery, said three-phase ac motor, and input current of said inventer;

charging said power battery from said energy battery when said key switch is turned off, if the charge level of said power battery is below a given value; and

stopping charging when said charge level reaches a given value;

wherein said vehicle has auxiliary machines including an air conditioning motor, a power steering motor and a vacuum motor, the auxiliary machines being driven by said energy battery as the electric power source.