DC-to-DC converter having charge pump and associated methods

• US 5,808,883 A
• Filed: 02/14/1997
• Issued: 09/15/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intersil Americas LLC (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Harris Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hawkes, Charles E.
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US08/800,421
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 363/59, 363/60, 327/536, 327/537, 307/110
• US Class Current: 363/60
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC-to-DC converter includes a charge pump, connected to a switch drive and to an input voltage, for selectively boosting the supply voltage to the switch drive; and a charge pump controller cooperating with the charge pump for controlling the supply voltage to the switch drive. The charge pump preferably includes a plurality of transistors connected in series with the supply voltage, and at least one capacitor connected to the transistors. The charge pump controller passes through the input voltage to the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being above a first voltage; boosts the supply voltage to a substantially constant value based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage and greater than or equal to a second voltage wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage; and boosts the supply voltage by a multiple of the input voltage based upon the input voltage being less than the second voltage. Method aspects of the invention are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A DC-to-DC power converter for supplying power to a load from a source, the converter comprising:

a switch for supplying power from the source to the load;

switch drive means for controlling said switch and being operable from a supply voltage;

a charge pump, connected to said switch drive means and to an input voltage, for selectively boosting the supply voltage to said switch drive means; and

charge pump control means cooperating with said charge pump for controlling the supply voltage to said switch drive means, said charge pump control means comprising

pass through means for passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being above a first voltage,

constant boost means for boosting the supply voltage to a substantially constant value based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage and greater than or equal to a second voltage wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage, and

multiple boost means for boosting the supply voltage by a multiple of the input voltage based upon the input voltage being less than the second voltage.

2. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said charge pump draws substantially no power when passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage.

3. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said pass through means comprises a pass diode connected between the input voltage and the supply voltage.

4. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said charge pump comprises a plurality of transistors connected in series with the supply voltage, and at least one capacitor connected to said transistors.

5. A converter according to claim 4 and wherein said constant boost means comprises servo means cooperating with a predetermined transistor for controlling said charge pump for boosting the supply voltage to the substantially constant value.

6. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said multiple boost means comprises doubling means for controlling said charge pump for boosting the supply voltage to twice the input voltage.

7. A converter according to claim 1 further comprising a filter connected between the input voltage and said charge pump control means.

8. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said charge pump comprises:

a first, second, third and fourth transistor; and

a bucket capacitor connected across the second and third transistors.

9. A converter according to claim 8 wherein said charge pump control means further comprises transistor turn-off means for turning off the first through fourth transistors and tri-stating the bucket capacitor when passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage.

10. A converter according to claim 8 further comprising a reservoir capacitor connected across the combination of the first through fourth transistors.

11. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said charge pump comprises a plurality of MOS transistors;

and wherein said charge pump control means further comprises transistor shoot-through reducing means for reducing shoot-through in said plurality of MOS transistors.

12. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said charge pump control means further comprises over-voltage means for detecting an over-voltage when the supply voltage exceeds a third voltage higher than the first voltage, and for turning the charge pump off responsive to the over-voltage.

13. A converter according to claim 1 wherein said switch comprises at least one MOS transistor.

14. A DC-to-DC power converter for supplying power to a load from a source, the converter comprising:

a switch for supplying power from the source to the load;

switch drive means for controlling said switch and being operable from a supply voltage;

a charge pump, connected to said switch drive means and to an input voltage, for selectively boosting the supply voltage to said switch drive means; and

charge pump control means cooperating with said charge pump for controlling the supply voltage to said switch drive means, said charge pump control means comprising

pass through means for passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being above a first voltage, and

boost means for boosting the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being less than or equal to the first voltage.

15. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said charge pump draws substantially no power when passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage.

16. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said boost means comprises constant boost means for boosting the supply voltage to a substantially constant value based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage and greater than or equal to a second voltage wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage.

17. A converter according to claim 16 wherein said charge pump comprises a plurality of transistors connected in series with the supply voltage, and at least one capacitor connected to said transistors;

and wherein said constant boost means comprises servo means cooperating with a predetermined transistor for controlling said charge pump for boosting the supply voltage to the substantially constant value.

18. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said boost means comprises multiple boost means for boosting the supply voltage by a multiple of the input voltage based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage.

19. A converter according to claim 18 wherein said multiple boost means comprises doubling means for controlling said charge pump for boosting the supply voltage to twice the input voltage.

20. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said pass through means comprises a pass diode connected between the input voltage and the supply voltage.

21. A converter according to claim 14 further comprising a filter connected between the input voltage and said charge pump control means.

22. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said charge pump comprises:

a first, second, third and fourth transistor; and

a bucket capacitor connected across the second and third transistors.

23. A converter according to claim 22 wherein said charge pump control means further comprises transistor turn-off means for turning off the first through fourth transistors and tri-stating the bucket capacitor when passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage.

24. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said charge pump comprises a plurality of MOS transistors;

and wherein said charge pump control means further comprises transistor shoot-through reducing means for reducing shoot-through in said plurality of MOS transistors.

25. A converter according to claim 14 wherein said charge pump control means further comprises over-voltage means for detecting an over-voltage when the supply voltage exceeds a third voltage higher than the first voltage, and for turning the charge pump off responsive to the over-voltage.

26. A DC-to-DC power converter for supplying power to a load from a source, the converter comprising:

a switch for supplying power from the source to the load;

switch drive means for controlling said switch and being operable from a supply voltage;

a charge pump, connected to said switch drive means and to an input voltage, for selectively boosting the supply voltage to said switch drive means, said charge pump comprising a plurality of transistors connected in series to the supply voltage and at least one capacitor connected across predetermined ones of said plurality of transistors; and

charge pump control means cooperating with said charge pump for controlling the supply voltage to said switch drive means, said charge pump control means comprising

pass through means for turning off said plurality of transistors to draw substantially no power and for passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being above a first voltage, and

boost means for boosting the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being less than or equal to the first voltage.

27. A converter according to claim 26 wherein said boost means comprises constant boost means for boosting the supply voltage to a substantially constant value based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage and greater than or equal to a second voltage wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage.

28. A converter according to claim 26 wherein said boost means comprises multiple boost means for boosting the supply voltage by a multiple of the input voltage based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage.

29. A converter according to claim 26 wherein said pass through means comprises a pass diode connected between the input voltage and the supply voltage.

30. A method for operating a DC-to-DC power converter for supplying power to a load from a source, the converter comprising a switch for supplying power from the source to the load, and switch drive means for controlling the switch and being operable from a supply voltage, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a charge pump, connected to the switch drive means and to an input voltage;

passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage based upon the input voltage being above a first voltage; and

boosting the supply voltage using the charge pump and based upon the input voltage being less than or equal to the first voltage.

31. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of boosting comprises the steps of:

boosting the supply voltage to a substantially constant value based upon the input voltage being less than the first voltage and greater than or equal to a second voltage wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage; and

boosting the supply voltage to a multiple of the input voltage based upon the input voltage being less than the second voltage.

32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the step of boosting the supply voltage by a multiple of the input voltage comprises boosting the supply voltage to twice the input voltage.

33. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of providing a charge pump comprises providing a plurality of transistors connected in series to the input voltage and providing a bucket capacitor connected to predetermined ones of the transistors;

and further comprising the step of turning off the transistors and tri-stating the bucket capacitor when passing through the input voltage to the supply voltage.

34. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of providing a charge pump comprises providing a plurality of MOS transistors connected in series to the input voltage;

and further comprising the step of reducing shoot-through in the plurality of MOS transistors.

35. A method according to claim 30 further comprising the steps of:

detecting an over-voltage when the supply voltage exceeds a third voltage higher than the first voltage; and

turning the charge pump off responsive to the over-voltage.