Method and apparatus for calibrating cameras used in the alignment of motor vehicle wheels

• US 5,809,658 A
• Filed: 09/18/1996
• Issued: 09/22/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Snap-On Technologies Incorporated (Snap-On Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Snap-On Technologies Incorporated (Snap-On Incorporated)
• Inventors: Glickman, Steve L., Jackson, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fulton, Christopher W.
• Application Number:
  US08/716,585
• Time in Patent Office: 734 Days
• Field of Search: 33/288, 33/286, 33/203, 33/203.18, 33/203.19, 33/203.2, 33/506, 33/533, 33/645, 356/155
• US Class Current: 33/288
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/2755 using photoelectric detection means
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 2210/12 Method or fixture for calibrating the wheel aligner
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 2210/143 One or more cameras on each side of a vehicle in the main embodiment
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 2210/26 Algorithms, instructions, databases, computerized methods and graphical user interfaces employed by a user in conjunction with the wheel aligner
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 2210/30 Reference markings, reflector, scale or other passive device
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 2210/303 fixed to the ground or to the measuring station

Abstract

An apparatus for determining the position and/or alignment of objects such as motor vehicle wheels, and including targets for attachment to the objects, a pair of optical sensing means such as television cameras for viewing the targets, an electronic processing means connected to the optical sensing means for processing data relating to images of the targets to determine position and/or alignment information, and a display means for displaying the position and/or alignment information. The optical sensing means view a target located on each object and form an image of each target. Electronic signals corresponding to each of the images are transferred to the electronic processing means which correlates the image signals of each of the targets with the true shape of each target. In so doing, the processing means relates the geometric characteristics and positional interrelationships of certain known elements of the target with the geometric characteristics and positional interrelationships of corresponding elements in the viewed images and calculates the position and/or alignment of the objects to which the targets are attached.

Claims

1. Apparatus for use in calibrating an opto-electronic alignment system including at least first and second fixed and spaced apart optical inspection devices and an associated data processor adapted to optically inspect and determine the position and orientation relative to said inspection devices of targets affixed to objects such as vehicle wheels to be aligned, and from such determination to infer the position and orientation of the objects to which the targets are affixed, comprising:

means forming an elongated beam;

support means for supporting said beam at a predetermined elevation above a work surface; and

first and second target means rigidly affixed to said beam at spaced apart locations, each said target means having predetermined geometric target features formed on a target face thereof, said target faces being oriented at predetermined fixed angles relative to the length of said beam such that when the length of said beam is disposed to extend generally normal to an imaginary line connecting said first and second inspection devices, said first and second target faces lie within the field of view of said first inspection device, and when the length of said beam is disposed to extend generally parallel to said line, said first target face lies within the field of view of said first inspection device and said second target face lies within the field of view of said second inspection device.

2. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said target faces are generally planar and are oriented at predetermined angles relative to the length of said beam.

3. Apparatus as recited in claim 2 wherein each said target face is oriented at an angle of substantially 45°

relative to the length of said beam.

4. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said support means includes a pair of vertically oriented support legs having one end rigidly affixed to said beam and opposite ends affixed to base means adapted to support said beam and the affixed target means.

5. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second target means are both disposed on one side of said beam.

6. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said beam is a two-part mechanism having one part telescopically receivable within the other so as to be telescopically collapsible for storage and telescopically extendible for calibration use.

7. A method of calibrating an opto-electronic alignment system including at least first and second spaced apart optical inspection devices and an associated data processor adapted to inspect and determine the position and orientation relative to said inspection devices of targets affixed to objects such as vehicle wheels to be aligned, and from such determination to infer the position and orientation of the objects to which the targets are affixed, comprising the steps of:

providing first and second target means;

providing a means for supporting said first and second target means in rigid disposition relative to each other and at a predetermined fixed distance from each other;

disposing said supporting means relative to a work surface such that both said first and second target means lie within the field of view of said first inspection device;

optically inspecting said first and second target means to obtain first optical information useful to determine the position and orientation of each said target means relative to said first inspection device;

reorienting said supporting means such that said first target means lies within the field of view of said first inspection device and said second target means lies within the field of view of said second inspection device, and again optically inspecting said first and second target means to obtain second optical information useful to determine the present position and orientation of said first target means relative to said first inspection device and the present position and orientation of said second target means relative to said second inspection device; and

using the first and second optical information to compute the precise position and orientation of said second inspection device relative to said first inspection means.

8. A method as recited in claim 7 wherein said first and second target means have target faces that are generally planar and have predetermined angular orientation relative to said supporting means.

9. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein each said target face is oriented at substantially 45°

relative to an imaginary line connecting said first and second target means.

10. Apparatus for calibrating an opto-electronic alignment system including at least first and second spaced apart optical inspection devices and an associated data processor adapted to inspect and determine the position and orientation relative to said inspection devices of targets affixed to objects such as vehicle wheels to be aligned, and from such determination to infer the position and orientation of the objects to which the targets are affixed, comprising:

first and second targets each having predetermined geometric attributes that can be optically detracted;

a support for supporting said first and second targets in rigid disposition relative to each other and at a predetermined fixed distance from each other so that when said support is disposed relative to a work surface such that both said first and second targets lie within the field of view of said first inspection device, the targets can be optically inspected by the alignment system to obtain first optical information useful to determine the position and orientation of each said target relative to said first inspection device, and when said support is reoriented such that said first target lies within the field of view of said first inspection device and said second target lies within the field of view of said second inspection device, the targets can be optically inspected by the alignment system to obtain second optical information useful to determine the present position and orientation of said first target relative to said first inspection device and the present position and orientation of said second target relative to said second inspection device, and the first and second optical information can be used to compute the precise position and orientation of said second inspection device relative to said first inspection device.

11. Apparatus as recited in claim 10 wherein said first and second targets have target faces that are generally planar and have predetermined angular orientation relative to said support.

12. Apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein each said target face is oriented at substantially 45°

relative to an imaginary line connecting said first and second targets.